Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today

1. CHAPTER 23 East Africa Section 1:Natural Environments Section 2:History and Culture Section 3:The Region Today

2. SECTION 1 Natural Environments Question: What landforms, rivers and lakes are found in East Africa?

3. SECTION 1 Natural Environments Lakes • Lake Malawi (tectonic) • Lake Tanganyika (tectonic) • Lake Victoria (depression on plateau) • Lake Albert (depression on plateau) • Lake Turkana (tectonic) Rivers Landforms • Blue Nile (flows from Ethiopian highlands) • White Nile (flows from Lake Victoria) • Nile (combined flows of Blue and White Nile) • Great Rift Valley (tectonic) • Kilimanjaro (volcanic) • Ethiopian highlands (volcanic) • Sudd (water from White Nile)

4. What physical process created the rift valleys of East Africa? • Tectonic processes caused the land to lift and crack rift valley elongated depression, trough, or graben in the earth's crust, bounded on both sides by normal faults and occurring on the continents or under the oceans.

5. SECTION 2 History and Culture Question: Who are the important peoples in East Africa’s early history?

6. SECTION 2 Earliest Peoples Kush Aksum Arabs • no written histories • oral tradition • controlled much of the Nile • capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids • conquered the Kush • controlled western Arabia • adopted Christianity • sailed along coast, established ports for trade • Swahili developed from trade History and Culture Early History of East Africa

7. Kingdom of Kush • controlled much of the Nile • capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids

8. Aksum kingdom • conquered the Kush • • controlled western Arabia • adopted Christianity

9. Arabs Conquered • Arabs sailed along coast, established ports for trade • Swahili developed from trade • Cash crops start being cultivated and sold at these ports. • Ex: coffee, cotton and sisal (strong durable plant-used to make rope)

10. SECTION 2 Earliest Peoples Kush Aksum Arabs • no written histories • oral tradition • controlled much of the Nile • capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids • conquered the Kush • controlled western Arabia • adopted Christianity • sailed along coast, established ports for trade • Swahili developed from trade History and Culture Early History of East Africa

11. SECTION 3 The Region Today Question: What are the region’s largest cities?

12. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia • Headquarters of regional organizations

13. Nairobi, Kenya Region’s most important commercial center

14. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania vital seaport, transportation hub

15. Khartoum and Omdurman, Sudan largest cities in Sudan, face each other across Nile

16. SECTION 3 City Description The Region Today largest city and capital of Ethiopia, headquarters of regional organizations Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Nairobi, Kenya region’s most important commercial center Dar es Salaam, Tanzania vital seaport, transportation hub Khartoum and Omdurman, Sudan largest cities in Sudan, face each other across Nile

17. CHAPTER 23 Chapter Wrap-Up • How does elevation affect climate in East Africa? • Higher elevation will allow for cool, humid air. • 2. What are two ways that Arab traders influenced East African languages and religion? • Arab traders traded along the ports and the African language Swahili grammar came about. The Swahili language is a mix of African and Arabic languages. Islam was spread throughout the region Turn to pg 522-525 in your book to answer question 3-5.

18. 3. How have other cultures changed the traditional religions and diet of East Africa 4. What activities form the basis of the region’s economy? 5. Why does tourism hold great economic potential