Presentation Transcript

1. Harlem Renaissance Where: New York City, Harlem When: 1920-1930 Why: A safe place for African Americans to explore new identities as free women and men Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem http://www.columbia.edu/cu/iraas/harlem/ http://www.harlem.org/
2. Harlem What: African American neighborhood Where: New York City borough of Manhattan Why: Dutch village in 1658 Mass migration of blacks in 1904 Real estate crash Great migration
3. How did it become the mecca for the African American Artists? Harlem was the birth of cultural revolution “The Capitol of Black America” 1st inhabitants of Harlem was intellectuals, writers, and other artists Harlem accepted and encouraged African American art and culture
4. Great Migration During the 1920s Harlem attracted many blacks and they came with traditions and new styles They usually came from the South and 6 million blacks migrated to cities in the Northwest, Midwest, and West Many cities' population rapidly grew and many industrial jobs doubled
5. Great Migration cont. Many blacks were hoping to gain full citizenship in northern cities They migrated in hope of independence When they came to the North it was not all that it was portrayed to be. They were very discriminated against http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=443 http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/545.html http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129827444
6. Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Hellfighters were the U.S. Army’s 369th Infantry Regiment. It was the best known as the American Unit of World War 1 Tuskegee Airmen is a name that represents people who were in the “Tuskegee Experience”. They trained African Americans to fly and maintain aircrafts Buffalo Soldiers fought in the Civil War and they helped settlers move west. They were brave and courageous http://www.buffalosoldiers-amwest.org/history.htm http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/369th-infantry-regiment-harlem-hellfighters http://www.tuskegeeairmen.org/explore/history.aspx
7. Post WW1 changes World War 1 affected all blacks in America They demanded fair rights and sided with the French because they treated their people with dignity and equality The Great Migration transformed black communities in the north and south and many blacks joined the army http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-world-war-i.html
8. What are Harlem rent parties? Open house parties for citizens in Harlem Main type of music and entertainment came from a jazz genre Played a major role in the development of jazz
9. Who attended Harlem rent parties? Fats Waller Musicians such as Fats Waller started playing at rent parties Individuals who enjoy low budget entertainment Individuals supported each other and represented a unified community
10. Why/result of Harlem rent parties… http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/progress/prohib/rent.html To raise money for those who could not afford a months rent Furthered the popularity of Jazz and R&B music Rent parties were often the location of so-called “cutting contest”, which involves jazz pianists taking turns at the piano, attempting to out-do each other.
11. Black economy during the Harlem Renaissance Banks White owned banks would not lend to blacks Black leaders suggested blacks open their own banks Harlem attracted many prosperous black professional White owned banks would not lend to blacks Black leaders suggested blacks open their own banks Harlem attracted many prosperous black professionals
12. BlackEconomy During the Renaissance Real Estate Black businessmen purchased real estate from white owners Blacks owned apartments and houses Wealthy black neighborhoods called Sugar Hill / Striver’s Row
13. Black Economy During the Renaissance Businesses Marcus Garvey: founded Black Star Shipping Line Madame Walker : cosmetics/hair products for black women Black Swan Phonograph Corporation: recorded black artists
14. Black Economy During the RenaissanceWebsites http://africanamericanart.si.edu/glossary http://www.austincc.edu/caddis/1920s http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/101-african-american-firsts http://www.broadwayhousing.org/housing/sugarhill/ http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap9/9intro.html http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=443 http://www.pbs.org/now/arts/harlem.html http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp http://www2.si.umich.edu/chico/Harlem/text/exhibition.html http://www2.si.umich.edu/chico/Harlem/text/cjwalker.html http://www2.si.umich.edu/chico/Harlem/text/blackswan.html
15. The Harlem Renaissance:Black Education & Higher Education Education: Great desire from African Americans for education During Renaissance, promise of equal educational opportunities increased and enhanced a population Many factors influenced education during this period of cultural movement Migration: Thousands of African Americans traveled north seeking economic opportunities, escape oppressive social conditions, and obtain education Many traveled to New York New York: By law, only northern state that prohibited segregated schools
16. Militancy/awareness among African Americans: Felt the freedoms promised following America's participation in World War I had eluded them. Felt had same right as others because they fought for freedom in WWI Not willing to “Yes sir” anymore Despite schools in Harlem open to black and white students on a non-segregated basis, most schools remained primarily Black. Because the education was free, schools became over-crowded Principals did not welcome to the black students due to pressure and harassment from teachers
17. Influences on Black Education Booker T. Washington- believed the usual subjects taught in school were irrelevant to Negroes of that time Thought they should be taught more about industry and economy Trade schools were established based on this philosophy
18. Influences on Black Education The Harlem YMCA-taught women cooking embroidery, sewing, millinery and related domestic work preparing them for a specific workforce Taught men about the work force and manual labor Came to be one of Harlem’s most important educational recreational and cultural centers
19. Harlem Renaissance and Communism http://www.tcnj.edu/~fisherc/black_and_red.html#Harlem http://www2.pslweb.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=13615&news_iv_ctrl=1261 During the Depression Uplift the black race and bring about equality Boost to the morale in Harlem.
20. Increase the movement against racism and Black liberation End the oppression of the black race. Respond to Black ideology
21. Examples of communism influence on Harlem Renaissance Cultural organizations Federal Negro Theatre Harlem Community Arts Center Federal Writers Project African Blood Brotherhood Langston Hughes  Poem "A New Song"
22. The NAACP *It was founded February 12, 1909. *It was formed by a group of white liberals in response to the ongoing lynches and the race riot in 1908.
23. The NAACP Continued The purpose is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of the rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and discrimination”. It is a Civil Rights Organization that works “to seek enactment and enforcement of federal, state, and local laws securing civil rights”.
24. The National Urban League New York- September 29, 1910 Ruth Standish Baldwin and Dr. George Edmund Haynes Eugene K. Jones, Lester Granger
25. The National Urban League Continued Empowering Communities, Changing Lives “To enable African Americans to secure economic self-reliance, parity, power, and civil rights” Focus on goals for America in education, employment, housing, and healthcare.
26. The National Urban League Continued “Education and persuasion” “Street Academy”, “New Thrust”
27. What is the Harlem Renaissance Literature Creativity in literature from African-American writers. Honored and paid tribute to the African-American heritage/background. Helped to re-define the African-American way of expression. Expressed marginality and alienation.
28. How It Started Began in Greenwich Village and Harlem. Charles Spurgeon Johnson encouraged African-American writers to migrate to the New York area. Young writers came from the Caribbean, rural America, and Africa.
29. The People Involved Marcus Garvey: founder, Universal Negro Improvement Association. W.E.B. DuBois: editor, “The Crisis” Magazine. James Weldon Johnson: editor, The Book of African Negro Poetry.
30. Subject Matter The art styles normally consisted of geometrical shapes like rectangles, squares, triangles, etc. This created sharp and compelling images The art normally depicted aspects of African-American culture, such as the saxophone, new types of dance, and blues singers http://home.wlu.edu/~connerm/AfAmStudies/Contemporary%20Culture%20Project/Voice%20Of%20African-%20Americans/elements_move.htm
31. Inspiration for the Art http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol052185699x_CCOL052185699XA007 Artists of the movement often biased their work on art produced in Africa African-American history as well as social injustice fueled the artists imagination during the period Music and religion of the South was another source of inspiration for the artists
32. RejectedTraditions Other artists such as playwrights and actors rejected the stereotype of the Blackface and Minstrel shows, to create new and complex types of plays for Negros By breaking away from the image that they had been branded with by whites, Negros were able to reinvent themselves in the image that they wanted http://libguides.howard.edu/content.php?pid=273384&sid=2266155
33. Harlem Music
34. Influence from Jazz Age The Jazz age brought a interest in African American culture, especially music and painting It brought social change and an end to legal, institutional, and social racism It allowed jazz, blues, and ragtime as original American art forms.
35. Public Reaction Thousands of black and white people went every night to see the same performers and musicians Billie Holliday (singer in jazz club) Chick Webb (one of the best regarded band leaders and drummers of new “swing” style.) Louis Armstrong (One of the most famous musicians in the Harlem Renaissance.) White people tried to steal blacks ideas and use them as their own. http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp http://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/engl494/harlemren.htm
36. The Speakeasies The Speakeasies began in the 1920’s during the time of prohibition. For every bar or salon that closed due to the 18th amendment a dozen or so underground alcohol institutions sprung up. Many people took this illegal risk during this time period because they saw the many monetary benefits for themselves.
37. The Cotton Club Opened in 1923 and was owned by New York gangster OwneyMadden Known for an outlet for alcohol Plantation style feel to the club.
38. Savory Club Savory was the considered the most beautiful ballroom in the world. The Savoy was extremely large in size Many famous Harlem renaissance singers and dancers came to the Savory.
39. The Rens Created on February 13, 1923 by Robert Douglas All black professional basketball team Knows as the “big five” & the “Rens” Home court was a ballroom at 138th street and 7th Avenue Due to lack of popularity the team moved on to away games rather than home games
40. Rens Continued From 1932-33 their season record was 120 wins and 8 losses Six of the losses were to the Celtics Ironic because the Rens had beaten the Celtics a total of eight times During that season, the Rens had set a record of 88 consecutive wins
41. Rens… 1939 - Rens win the first professional basketball championship 1949 - last season for the Rens as well as the last season for the NBL After merging the NBL ,designed for colored athletes with the all white association, the “Basketball Association of America” is created That merger started the beginning of the National Basketball Association we now know as the “NBA”

42. Harlem Globetrotters

    An exhibition basketball team Originally called the Chicago Globetrotters in 1926, then named Harlem Globetrotters in 1928.

43. Harlem Globetrotters

    In 1941, Reece “Goose” Tatum brought comedy basketball moves that would change the team greatly. After 20 years of playing, they had played 3000 games and appeared on the cover of LIFE Magazine, which was a great accomplishment due to racial segregation in America. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Renaissance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Globetrotters