Teaching methods (including small groups)

1. Teaching methods (including small groups) Promoting multiprofessional education and development in Scottish maternity care

2. Lectures Discussions Workshops Skills teaching Demonstration Scenarios Teaching methods

3. Universal structure for all teaching Set Dialogue Closure.

4. Set Preparation of learning material– knowledge, context, rehearse. Lesson plan– aims, objectives, summary, assessment and reading. Making the session work – environment (physical, psychological, psychosocial).

5. Dialogue: Content Presentation skills (getting started, keeping in touch with audience). Teaching aids, position, posture, voice, visibility. Encouraging candidates to interact (using strategies such as open and direct questions, thought showers, buzz groups).

6. Closure: Clear and Unequivocal Questions Summary – take home message Termination.

7. Facilitator: knowledge enthusiasm attitude empathy size of group style of teaching. Parents: previous knowledge intellectual skills motivation and interest level of anxiety expectations preferred learning style. Other determinants ofsuccess of teaching session

8. Small group teaching Encourages parents to organise their thoughts and test ideas. Different formats or different topics. Set, dialogue and closure. Effectiveness of Interactive learning 75 % vs didactic 10%

9. Advantages Communication Co-operation Teamwork Making Friends Reduces isolation Taking part in own learning Oral skills enhancement

10. Closed discussions: controlled knowledge focused demonstration of candidate understanding. Open discussions: divergent free discussion no clear answers learn through participation. Discussion groups Some discussions start open and move to closed format in order for the instructor to achieve teaching outcomes.

11. Hints Plan carefully - establish ground rules Seating: eye-to-eye contact Present the topic Do not give the answers but assist the discussion Ensure all candidates can participate Use your personality to facilitate.

12. Skills teaching Small groups – encourages discussion. Skills station – combines acquisition of psychomotor skills and discussion. Use basic principles of teaching. Set, dialogue and closure.

13. Skills teaching:4-stage approach Facilitator demonstrates skill in silence. Facilitator demonstrates skill with commentary. Facilitator demonstrates skill and learner provides commentary. Learner demonstrates skill and provides commentary. (All learners practice.) Utilises individual senses and repetition

14. DemonstrationsRole play and scenarios Demonstrations • Illustrate Points • Visual reinforcement • Allows parents to understand what is expected of them • Should be controlled • Not to demonstrate facilitators' expertise Role Play – used when you want parents to experience something in a ‘real’ but safe situation. Scenarios – form of improvised role play, real equipment but a manikin or a live model

15. Things to remember In role play and scenarios parents are either participants or audience, never just passive observer. Always feedback and debrief. If using equipment, know how it works and check it before starting.

16. Any Questions?

17. Things to remember As an facilitator you are expected to be able to work in different teaching formats to suit the topic. Set, Dialogue and Closure applies to all methods. If unsure ask your Parent Education Lead as facilitators need to continue to learn too.

18. “To teach is to learn twice.” Joseph Joubert French Philosopher, 1754-1824