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Maria da Graça Derengowski Fonseca INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA- UFRJ e INFOSUCRO-NUCA/IE-UFRJ

Sistemas Agroindustrias de Produção e Inovação no Brasil: Grãos e Cana de Açúcar Agribusiness Sector Systems of Production and Innovaton in Brazil: Sugar and Grains. Maria da Graça Derengowski Fonseca INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA- UFRJ e INFOSUCRO-NUCA/IE-UFRJ José Maria Jardim da Silveira

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Maria da Graça Derengowski Fonseca INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA- UFRJ e INFOSUCRO-NUCA/IE-UFRJ

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  1. Sistemas Agroindustrias de Produção e Inovação no Brasil:Grãos e Cana de AçúcarAgribusiness Sector Systems of Production and Innovaton in Brazil: Sugar and Grains

  2. Maria da Graça Derengowski Fonseca INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA- UFRJ e INFOSUCRO-NUCA/IE-UFRJ José Maria Jardim da Silveira INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA- NEA/ UNICAMP Equipe de Pesquisa do INFOSUCRO Charles Menard (economista senior e consultor Infosucro-NUCA/ IE- UFRJ) Francisco José Peixoto Rosário (doutorando IE – UFRJ e professor da ESAMC-Alagoas) Rômulo Neves Ely ( estagiário e mestrando COPPE-UFRJ) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO

  3. GRAINS and SOY

  4. Participation of Soy and Poultry on the Brazilian Exports ( 1999 a 2004) years Exports of Soy on Total Exports Exports of Poultry on Total Exports Brazilian Agribusiness Share of Market on Total Exports FAO e MIDIC/ SECEX

  5. Participation of Soy and Poultrys Exports on the Brazilian Agribusiness Exports (1999 a 2004) years Exports of Soy on Exports of Grains Exports of Soy on Agribusiness Exports Exports of Poultry on Agribusiness Exports Fonte: FAO e MIDIC/ SECEX

  6. Soy, Poultry, Beef -Participation on the Total Exports of Agribusiness Products in Brazil (1999 a 2004) soy poultry beef Source FAO e MIDIC/ SECEX

  7. The Importance of Grain Crops in Brazilian Agriculture, selected years Source: IBGE,2006

  8. Grain Production and Harvested Area, 1990-2005 Source: Agrianual (2006)

  9. Partial Productivity by Region and Selected Years (ton/hectares)

  10. Brazil: Total Sales of Fertilizers and Grain Production (1990-2005)- mil ton Source: MAPA (www.mapa.gov.br)

  11. Soy in Brazilian States – Farm and Industrial Capability in 2005 Source:Abiove e Soybean Yearbook , 2006

  12. Forecast of Brazilian Deficit of Storage Capacity for Grain Exports

  13. SYSTEM OF INNOVATIONS • Competitiveness in the Production of grain seeds in Brazil is based on innovation and partnership among the SNDA/EMBRAPA and private companies • The launch Property Laws (Lei de Proteção aos Cultivares-9456 Law) helped to develop efficiency in grain seeds crops maintaining the importance of the R&D Systems (EMBRAPA and SNDA)

  14. The EMBRAPA and SNPA Research System National Research Programs Number of Projects Number of Researchers Total Employees Budget US$ Million,2005 SNPA/ EMBRAPA-Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa Agropécuária

  15. Property Rights in seeds: R&D licencences in the SNPC (1996-2005) companies Source Teixeira (2006)

  16. Seed and Crop Yelds- Participation of EMBRAPA on Value of Production and Economic Benefit (2002/2003) Fonte: Teixeira, 2006.

  17. EMBRAPA and Innovation • The importance of EMBRAPA e other governmental centers is related to their efficiency on biotechnology innovations grain and other crops, with exception of corn

  18. EMBRAPA: Funding Innovation Activities using Royalties e Partnership Contracts (2001/06) Licences (1.000 ton) Royalties (R$ 1.000) Number of Contracts Source: Teixeira, 2006

  19. The Sugar and Alcohol SSPI

  20. Sugar and Alcohol Institutional History in Brazil • 1937: Instituto de Açúcar e Alcohol (IAA) was created to coordinate production defining rules and norms of production and comertialization to the private agents • 1971: Planalsucar: R&D agency belonging to IAA • 1970/1971 Centro de Tecnologia da Copersucar (CT-COPER) into COPERSUCAR •  First Oil Crisis-1974/75 Proalcool is created in 1975 – national securityperspective •  Second Oil Crisis and Economic Debt Crisis in Brazil in the end of the 70´s/ beginning of the 80´s Impossibility to sustain governmental programs • End of Proálcool in 1990

  21. Evolution of Sugar Cane and Ethanol Production and Facts Source: UNICA- Quoted from Delgado,V.,BNDES(2007)

  22. Source: Unica

  23. Brazilian Exports of Sugar and Alcohol in US$ FOB 1.000 US$ FOB Sugar 1.000 US$ FOB Alcohol1.000.000 US$ FOB Source

  24. Brazilian Exports of Sugar and Alcohol by Countries BRICS BRICS Brics Brazilian Exports of Sugar by Destiny

  25. US,UE and Brazil Ethanol Production(2006) US Brazil UE Source www.ebio.org (06/2006)- Quoted from Delgado,BNDES(2007)

  26. Biggest Producers of Ethanol* (10 countries:89% of global production) Brazil and US: 70% of Production Millions of GAL per year Source:RFA (F.O.Licht) * All degrees of ethanol

  27. Sugar and Alcohol Production in Production (1970/1971-2003/2004) Source : Infosucro

  28. Potential Production for Sugar Cane Agriculture Source:IG-UNICAMP- CGEE

  29. BRAZIL-Sugar Cane Mills and Alcohol Production Plants SUGAR AND ALCOHOL PLANTS 316 Sugar Alcohol 130 186 Source: IBGE/PIA

  30. Concentration Rates of Sugar Cane Industrial Plant Producers Production in Brazil (2002/2006) Source: Fonseca and Menard, INFOSUCRO IE-UFRJ

  31. Sugar Cane Diversification Sugar,Alcohol and Eletricity Co-Generation consume in TEP* Source of Data: BEN-EPE quoted by Ely,R.N. - INFOSUCRO *TEP: 10x10cal (joules) 9

  32. Ethanol Production Costs(US$/galon) US White Sugar UE Beet US Cane US Beet US corn Brazil Sugar-cane Source:USDA

  33. Productivity Gains Center-South Region Gal ethanol/hectare tcane/hectare 85,00 1.750,0 80,00 75,00 1.550,0 70,00 1.350,0 65,00 tcane/hectare gal ethanol/hectare 60,00 1.150,0 55,00 50,00 950,0 45,00 40,00 750,0 75 80 90 00 04 Source: UNICA

  34. Productivity and Agribusiness Yields Industrial Yelds* Ton cane/hectare *kg ART/ton sugar cane Source: INFOSUCRO

  35. SELLING CARS IN BRAZIL ACCORDIND THE TYPE OF FUELS

  36. Innovation in Sugar Cane Production

  37. Sugarcane crops in Brazil/Innovation • Protection from pests and diseases is a strength of Brazil’s production: it is based on a continued supply of resistant sugar-cane varieties and not much on phytosanitary barriers ( natural traps) • The sugar-cane genetic improvement programs in Brazil released 51 varieties over the past ten years; the most used variety occupies just 12.6 percent of the area. • Brazil has (non-commercial) transgenic varieties since the 1990’s.

  38. Next Step Innovations • Next 10 – 20 years much more efficient use of • sugar cane biomass will increase significantly the • range of products and their value • Some technologies in advanced development stage (worldwide) are key for this transformation: the hydrolysis of biomass (bagasse and trash) as well as many different fermentation technologies; and the biomass gasification, leading to power or fuel synthesis. • Sugar cane appears an ideal feedstock for future “bio-refineries”, for its relatively low cost, large availability and an interesting mix of 1/3 sucrose & 2/3 pre-processed ligno-cellulosic material.

  39. R&D Institutional Structure • PRIVATE • CTC- Centro de Tecnologia Canavieiro (old CT-COP from Coopersucar created in 1970)  incremental innovations and development of new varieties of sugar cane (genetic improvements) • GOVERNMENTAL • APTA: Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agro-negócio da Secretaria de Agricultura de SÃO PAULO • Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, IB ans IEA (SP) • Planalsucar (Araras-SP) belongs now to the Universidade Federal de São Carlos • EMBRAPA

  40. UNIVERSITIES - UNICAMP- CBMEG - SÃO CARLOS- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Cana e Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Proteção Ambiental - FEALQ- Piracicaba - Universidade Federal Rural de Alagoas - Centro de CARPINA em Pernambuco

  41. CTC Second Generation Varieties

  42. Biotecnology and Sucar Cane Sugar Cane Project UNICAMP- CBMEG Other Projects Xylella strains Leifsonia Leptospira Eucalyptus Human pathogens Bovine Coffee X. citri X. campestris Fonte: Fapesp/ Embrapa

  43. start-ups Genetic and genomics innovations related to the development of agribusiness products: soya, citrus,grapes, eucaliptus and sugar-cane UNICAMP Objetivo: bio-informátics projects UNICAMP Genetics and genomics to develop new sugar cane varities São Carlos

  44. Thank you!

  45. Brazilian Exports of Sugar by Destiny Other West of Asia Africa East of Asia UE US BRICS Source: MDIC- AliceWeb-INFOSUCRO (2007)

  46. Brazilian Exports of Alcohol by Destiny * Other Central America West of Asia Africa UE Japan US BRICS T Source: MDIC- AliceWeb-INFOSUCRO (2007)

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