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Periodic Table

Periodic Table. Ms. Copeland Physical Science. http://www.ptable.com/Images/periodic%20table.png. 7. N. Nitrogen. 14.0067. Atomic Number. 7. N. Nitrogen. 14.0067. Atomic Symbol. 7. N. Nitrogen. 14.0067. Element Name. 7. N. Nitrogen. 14.0067. Mass Number. 7. N. Nitrogen.

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Periodic Table

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  1. Periodic Table Ms. Copeland Physical Science

  2. http://www.ptable.com/Images/periodic%20table.png

  3. 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067

  4. Atomic Number 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067

  5. Atomic Symbol 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067

  6. Element Name 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067

  7. Mass Number 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067

  8. Atomic Number 7 N Atomic Symbol Nitrogen Element Name 14.0067 Mass Number

  9. Atomic Number Atomic Number • Tells You the number of Protons • Nitrogen has 7 protons 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067

  10. 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067 Every Element has a Neutral Charge • Protons are positive • Nitrogen has a charge of +7 due to Protons. • There must be something that balances the charge at zero. • Electrons have a negative charge. • So, Nitrogen must have a charge of -7 due to electrons • +7 + (-7) = 0 • BIG PICTURE: There are always the same number of electrons and protons in an element. Atomic Number

  11. Atomic Mass 7 • The Mass of an element is measured in Atomic Mass Units (AMU). • The weight of a nitrogen Atom is 14.0067AMUs. • Electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons. To include electrons in the weight of an atom would be like changing your weight depending if you are holding a grain or salt or not. N Nitrogen 14.0067 Mass Number

  12. So how many neutrons are there in an atom? Atomic Number 7 N • We know how to find the number of protons and electrons in an element • BOTH Protons and Neutrons are very near the weight of 1 amu. • There are 7 Protons in a Nitrogen Atom and the Atomic Weight is about 14 AMUs • So to find the number of neutrons you should subtract the number of protons from the atomic mass • 14 AMUs - 7 protons (about 7 AMUs) = 7 neutrons (about 7 AMUS) Nitrogen 14.0067 7 N Nitrogen 14.0067 Mass Number

  13. So How are Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Arranged in an Atom? • Protons and Neutrons are found at the center of an element in a very tight ball called the nucleus. ALL protons and neutrons are found here. • Electrons are found “orbiting” the nucleus in the electron cloud. The orbits found in the electron cloud are highly structured. Electrons want to be as close to the nucleus as possible (opposites attract).

  14. Electron Cloud Orbital • Electrons follow a very precise way to fill their orbital until you get to Scandium on the periodic table. • Transition metals follow very different rules than other elements. Because of this we will only cover the first 3 rows or Periods 1, 2, and 3, which do not contain Transition metals.

  15. Bohr Diagrams 8 • Element’s ELECTRONS in the first 3 periods fill the inside orbital first. • The first (inside) orbital only holds two electrons. • If there are electrons left over, they fill the second orbital. • The second orbital only holds 8 electrons. • If there are still electrons left over, they fill the third orbital. • The third orbital only holds 8 electrons. 8 2

  16. Bohr Diagram of Nitrogen • Nitrogen has 7 Electrons. • The inside orbital hold 2 electrons. • 7 - 2 = 5 electrons • 5 Electrons fill the second orbital • 5 - 5 = 0 electrons • No electrons are left, so the third orbital is not needed. -Proton -Neutron -Electrons

  17. Where are the Protons and Neutrons? • Protons and Electrons are found tightly clustered in a ball in the center of an atom. 7 7 -Proton -Neutron -Electrons

  18. Lewis Dot Structure • The electrons found in the last orbital are called valence electrons. • Valence electrons are the electrons that are active in chemical bonds. • A Lewis Dot structure will help you determine how many bonds are free to be made with other atoms • In the center of a Lewis dot structure is the element’s atomic symbol • Only 8 valence electrons can be put around a Lewis Dot structure • When placing electrons around the Lewis Dot structure, one goes on the left, bottom, right and top. • If more than 4 valence electrons exist, they begin to make pairs with the original 4 electrons.

  19. Nitrogen’s Lewis dot structure . . . • Nitrogen has 5 electrons in it’s outer shell. • This means the Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. • Only one of Nitrogen’s sides has a full pair. • 3 sides of Nitrogen’s Lewis Dot structure does not make full pairs. • Nitrogen has 3 spots capable of being involved in a chemical bond. . N .

  20. What does a full Lewis Dot Structure Look Like? . . . . • Argon has 8 valence electrons • Argon cannot react with other chemicals • All elements in the 18th column have full Lewis Dot structures • Because no elements in the 18th column (group) can react with other elements, they are called noble • All of the elements in Group 18 are gases at room conditions. • Elements in Group 18 are called NOBLE GASES. . . Ar . .

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