Additional C++ Operators

1. Additional C++ Operators Robert REaves

2. Choosing a Looping Statement • Count-controlled loop, use for loop. • Event-controlled loop whose body should execute once, use do-while loop. • Event-controlled loop and nothing is known about the first execution, use while loop. • When in doubt, use a while loop. • Infinite loop, break statements sometimes help.

3. Additional C++ Operators • P. 323 – 324

4. Assignment Operators and Assignment Expressions • Assignment Expression is a C++ expression with a value and the side effect of storing the expression value into a memory location. • delta = 2 * 12; • is an expressions, so you can use it anywhere an expression is allowed. • thirdInt = (secondInt = (firstInt = 20) + 10) + 5; • Expression Statement is a statement formed by appending a semicolon to an expression. • 23; • 2 * (alpha + beta)

5. Increment and Decrement Operators • ++someIntis pre-incrementation • Incrementing occurs before use. • someInt++ is post-incrementation • Use before incrementing occurs.

6. Bitwise Operators • <<, left shift • >>, right shift • &, bitwise AND • |, bitwise OR • Used for manipulating individual bits within a memory cell.

7. Cast Operation • Cast operation comes in three forms: • intVar = int(floatVar); // Functional notation • intVar = (int)floatVar; // Prefix notation • intVar = static_cast<int>(floatVar); // Keyword notation • Use explicit type cast to avoid confusing code with implicit type coercion.

8. Sizeof() • Unary operator that yields the size, in bytes, of its operand. • sizeof(long); • cout << sizeof(int) << endl;

9. ?: Operator • Called the conditional operator, ternary (three-operand) operator. • Expression1? Expression2 : Expression3 • if( a > b) • max = a; • else • max = b; • EQUIVLIENT TO: • max = (a > b) ? a : b;