Emerging Trends in Net-Centric Operations Standards and Technology

1. Emerging Trends in Net-Centric Operations Standards and Technology Robert Marcus

2. Themes • A key emerging trend is shared resources e.g. data, events, hardware, network, and services • Process, organizational, frameworks, and standards support is needed for efficient interoperable sharing • Standards can depend on collaboration use cases and domain-specific requirements • Interoperability use cases can often be categorized as Intranet-Centric (Mandated), Extranet-Centric (Negotiated), and Internet-Centric (Voluntary) • The selection and deployment of the appropriate technologies and standards for specific use cases is a critical issue for net-centric operations

3. Topics • Net-Centric Operations 2.0 (NCOIC) • Enterprise Architecture Delivery (OSD NII, DISA) • M&S Enhanced Systems Engineering (NCOIC) • Systems and SOA standards (NCOIC) • Capabilities Mediation for SOA (DISA) • Emerging Standards for SOA (OMG, DISA) • Industry Standards for C2 Data Sharing (JFCOM) • Complex Event-Decision-Response (NCOIC, DISA) • Adaptive Information Dissemination (Army) • Foundation Information Grid (NCOIC and SPAWAR) NCOIC = Network Centric Operations Industry Consortium

4. NCOIC Overview • A Forum for Subject Matter Experts to Collaborate on NCO Initiatives: • Better Understand Customer’s NCO Vision, Goals, and Objectives • Exchange strategies and proven approaches to enhance system delivery • An Organization Committed to Establishing Open, Interoperable Systems using Common Best Practices and Systems Engineering Techniques: • Facilitates Consistency Across Industry (100 members) • Advocates for Open and Interoperable Systems Design • Companies Committed to Meeting the Government More Than Half-Way: • Understanding Industry’s Responsibilities and Acting • Addressing the Problem, Taking Initiative, Understanding the Requirement • Seeking close collaboration with Government and the rest of industry The Consortium exists to exchange ideas and produce process and technology deliverables that facilitate force transformation through NCO.

5. NCOIC Technical Approach • Complete a thorough and rigorous analysis of pertinent government agency architectures • Customer Requirements Team • Develop a secure information management overarching architectural framework / reference model to identify open standards and their patterns of use • Architectures and Standards Analyses Team • Identify the widest possible community of open standards-based product types • Building Blocks Team • Develop a program for education for NCO • Education and Outreach Team • To plan and implement strategies to develop effective collaborative engineering environments • Engineering Processes Team

6. Net-Centric Operations 2.0 • Overview slide for an NCOIC session that I organized covering standards from the desktop (e.g. OpenAjax) to tactical networks (e.g. Data Distribution Services) • The goal of the session was to present emerging technologies and interoperability standards • Key issues were areas where more interoperability standards were necessary e.g. ESBs and mashups

7. Net-Centric Operations 2.0 Browser – RIA, AJAX, Mashups 1. Web Client Application XML over HTTP XMLHttpRequest HTTP SOAP over HTTP 2. Web Message Bus Web Server External Interfaces SOAP Server, WCF Host, Application Server 3 .Enterprise Service Manager Enterprise Mashups/Pipes Aggregation 4. Composites Orchestration – BPEL, BizTalk 5. Enterprise Service Buses Services, SCA ESBs with multiple transports Services, SCA Adaptor SDO SDO Data Data Event Processing 6. Enterprise Data and Systems System Gateway Server – Protocol and Data Transformations 7. Gateway Sensor Networks, Mobile Platforms, Devices, Gateways (DDS, Efficient XML) 8. Tactical Networks

8. Net-Centric Operations 2.0 Issues Rich Interface Applications (RIA) Web Message Bus Enterprise Service Managers ESB ESB ESB Interoperability Interoperability Near Real-time Data Gateways Tactical Networks Connections and nodes in bold are some key issues for Net-Centric Operations 2.0 Enterprise Service Buses

9. Enterprise Architecture Delivery Process • This is slide from a presentation at an NCOIC session that I organized for DISA and OSD NII on “SOA Deployment: Industry Best Practices” • The talk was based on my experiences at Boeing and General Motors • A similar approach was the basis of a chapter that I wrote for the CRC Handbook of Object Technology on “Transitioning Large Organizations to Object Technology” and an Architecture Delivery Process that I created at General Motors.

10. Enterprise Architecture Delivery Process 2. Technology Development 1.Concept Refinement 3.System Development and Demonstration 5. Operations And Support 4. Production and Deployment Projects Enterprise Architecture Delivery Group Standard Reusable Technology Components And Services Standard Models, Existing Testbeds And Simulations Existing Hosting Centers and Platforms Reusable System Management Tools and Processes Standard Reusable CONOPS Centralized Shared Resources Up arrows are delivered standards. Down arrows are improvements based on experience

11. Enterprise Architecture Delivery Process Project 1 Enterprise Architecture Delivery Team Centralized Standards Organization Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Reusable Resource Repository

12. M & S Enhanced Systems Engineering • This slide was originally prepared for a proposal to the Air Force Research Lab on “Test Tracks for System of Systems Testing” • The basic concept was to combine Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) simulations of systems at different stages in the system life cycle in an integrated testing environment

13. M & S Enhanced Systems Engineering Concept Refinement, System and Service Requirements System and Service Analysis, Design, and Development System Development, Services Composition, and Systems Integration DoD System Life Cycle Live (C), Virtual (B) and Constructive (A) System and Services Test Track Simulations, Systems and Services e.g. A, B,C Proof of Concept Technology Simulation Technology Emulation Live System with Services C B A Interface Testing Design Testing Systems and Services Validation System and Services Verification Concept Testing Tests and V & V

14. System Engineering and SOA Standards • Overview slide for an NCOIC Session on Modeling and Simulation enhancements for System Engineering that I organized • The speakers included leaders on many of these topics including SysML, SDF, and UPDM. • The key issue for the session was the relationship between system and service modeling including related simulations • A secondary issue was the mapping between enterprise and technical architectures

15. System Engineering and SOA Standards Layers Systems - Operations Services - Enterprise Enterprise Architects DoDAF DoD Architectural Framework across multiple levels (Zachman And MoDAF are similar) UPDM Unified Modeling Language (UML) Profile for DoDAF and MoDAF FEA-DEA-BEA Federal and Defense Enterprise Architectures SOA Architecture based on services Program Architects SCBA FEA extension to Services and Components SysML UML Extension for Systems Engineering System Architects And Engineers SDF Service Interface Descriptions MDA UML Models For software Architecture, Components and interfaces Software Architects SCA and OSOA Component Interface Description Developers Testbeds such as Federated Development and Certification Environment (FDCE) including Live Systems, Modules, Components ,Services and Simulations

16. Capabilities Mediation for SOA • This slide was developed in conjunction with DISA’s Net –Enabled Command Capability (NECC) group • The purpose of the slide was to lay out a strategy for defining, discovering and developing new application capabilities within service oriented architecture • It was also meant to be the basis for a series of Industry Day seminars to DISA

17. Capabilities Mediation for SOA USERS User Requirements and Derived Requirements Set of Requirements New capabilities available Systems Engineering Group Capability specifications (with priorities) and possible new capabilities Capabilities Mediation Group Matchmaking Mediating Capability description (with cost of implementation) and possible new capabilities Emerging Technology Group Set of Services New capabilities needed Existing, Enhanced, Composite and possible new services and/or systems

18. Capabilities Mediation for SOA NECC ST&T Marketplace Needs consolidated, prioritized and binned Needs sent to Bob Marcus Clarify need JMPO, FDCE groups solicited for ST&T needs Match needs with offerings Consumers Producers Gain producers interest Needs Mike Hebert (JPMO) (1) (2) Contractors JPMO (3) Bob Marcus (NCOIC) (3) Vendors (4) FDCE (8) (7) Open Source Libraries Ensure Industry Day(s) meet needs and ensure participation (7) Offerings (6) (5) Standards Bodies Scrub list of offerings and do final offering selections, finalize schedules for Industry Day(s) Develop list of offerings – use Industry Days as delivery mechanism (9)

19. Emerging Standards for SOA • Overview slide for an OMG session that I organized for DISA’s Net-Enabled Command Capability group • The goal of the session was to learn about the emerging standards and to discuss possible harmonization across standards groups • I later presented a similar talk at a meeting of the Federal SOA Community of Practice (SOACoP)

20. Emerging Standards for SOA Development Open SOA Standards Web Service Standards C2 Model-Based Data Engineering Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI from OASIS) Service Data Objects Apache Tuscany Web Services Description Language (WSDL from W3C) Service Component Architecture Eclipse SOA Development Tools OASIS and WS-I Standards OASIS WS-Security WS-I Security Profiles WS-Policy Assertions and Attachment Submissions to W3C WSDL-S Web Ontology Language (OWL-S) Efficient XML

21. Emerging Standards for SOA (Timeline) Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) Web Services Description Language (WSDL) C2 Model-Based Data Engineering Service Data Objects WS-Security and WS-I Security Profile WS-Policy Assertions and Attachment Service Component Architecture WSDL-S Eclipse SOA Development Tools Apache Tuscany Service Definition Framework (SDF) Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-S)

22. Industry Standards for C2 Data Sharing • Part of a NCOIC deliverable that I prepared in response to specific requests from the Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) • Standards and technologies were discussed and recommended based on categories of use cases • The draft of the deliverable was circulated within DISA and OSD NII as a possible model for standards description

23. Industry Standards for C2 Data Sharing • Based on Use Cases (e.g. Intranet-Centric, Extranet-Centric, Internet-Centric) • Web of Services (SOAP/HTTP, ESBs, REST) • Data Sharing (Databases, Data Models, Metadata) • Detailed Summary Table with 23 Rows covering • Standard or Technology • Description or Purpose • Status and Future Plans • Relationship to Other Standards • Recommendations

24. Industry Standards for C2 Data Sharing

25. Complex Event-Decision-Response • Slide prepared for an NCOIC session on “Event Processing in Net-Centric Operations” that I organized and a workshop on Complex Systems • The key idea is that there are multiple levels of event processing, reactive decisions, and output responses

26. Complex Event-Decision-Response Field Operations HQ Operations Tactics Field Processors Strategy Sense Simple Event Processing Complex Event Processing Model Update New Model In Event Input u Preprocess Data Structured Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Impact Process Measurement Object Situation Assess and Decide In Response Output u Sensor and Effects Management Simple Response Complex Response Update Plan Create New Goals and Plan Respond Observation and Control Components Service Composition of Services Plan Modification New Plan

27. Complex Event-Decision-Response • Sense and Respond applications include Algorithmic Trading, Threat Detection, Logistics and C4ISR • Event processing provides sensing capabilities for applications • Services can be used to provide response capabilities • Complex responses are created by composing simple responses • Complex events are created by combining simple events similar to data fusion in C4ISR • Complex Event Processing engines combine multiple capabilities and near real-time performance • The OMG is developing an events Reference Metamodel

28. Adaptive Information Dissemination • I developed a design for bandwidth management of the Army’s Future Force Warrior mobile ad hoc network • The goal was to ensure important messages had sufficient QoS even when resources were limited • The importance of a message was determined by a software Dissemination Strategy Manager at the application layer

29. Adaptive Information Dissemination • Limited bandwidth on the battlefield requires selective allocation of resources • Cost–benefits analysis and decision rules for QoS mode selection • Modes determine frequency, latency, fidelity, and streaming rates • Impact analysis of events on costs and benefits • Benefits analysis based on mission value of nodes messages • Costs computed from bandwidth (and battery charge for dismounts) resource constraints

30. Adaptive Information Dissemination 1. Battlespace Event from External Applications 2. Data Update to DSS Object 3. Data Extracted from DSS Object 4.Impact Analysis for Event 5.Assess Aggregate Benefit versus Cost 6. New Mode Decision Decision Support System (DSS) Strategy Manager Event has low impact State Variables No need to change mode

31. Foundation Information Grid • I proposed the Storage Resource Broker (SRB) from UC San Diego as a foundation for bottom-up construction of information grids for NCOIC demos • An SRB Zone provides unified access through a Metadata Catalog to multiple data sources independent of location, database and storage device • SRB Zones can be federated by mappings between Metadata Catalogs • The SRB is freely available to government projects

32. Foundation Information Grid Multiple Client Interfaces e.g. Web Services Zone1 Zone 2 Metadata Catalog Metadata Catalog Drivers Drivers Location Independence Location Independence Database Independence Database Independence Physical Storage Independence Physical Storage Independence

33. Foundation Information Grid

34. Future Activities • Technical Lead for NCOIC review of DISA’s NECC architecture documents • Explore possible standardizations for Complex Event Processing with OSD NII and FAA • Organize a session on “Net-Centric Computing Environments: From Grids to Virtualization ” co-hosted by NCOIC and Open Grid Forum • Analyze feasibility for defining verifiable layers of interoperability for specific missions with NATO