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International Training Workshop on Groundwater Modelling for Arid and Semi-Arid Areas &

Sustainable Groundwater Management in Balochistan Province of Pakistan: A Case Study. International Training Workshop on Groundwater Modelling for Arid and Semi-Arid Areas & G-WADI Asia Meeting. Dr Muhammad Akram Kahlown and Dr Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh

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International Training Workshop on Groundwater Modelling for Arid and Semi-Arid Areas &

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  1. Sustainable Groundwater Management in Balochistan Province of Pakistan: A Case Study International Training Workshop on Groundwater Modelling for Arid and Semi-Arid Areas & G-WADI Asia Meeting Dr Muhammad Akram Kahlown and Dr Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources Ministry of Science and Technology 11-17 June 2007

  2. Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  3. CURRENT SITUATION • In arid and semi-arid areas, the problems of water scarcity are exacerbated by: population growth, expansion of agricultural activities, induced salinity and agricultural/urban pollution • Pakistan has mainly arid to semi-arid climate • Rainfall ranges from 125 mm in the extreme southern plains to 1500 to 1900 mm in the mountains and northern plains • More than 85% of the area receives rainfall less than 250 mm • About 70 per cent of total rainfall in monsoon and remaining during winter Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  4. CURRENT SITUATION 5260 160 Million (2007) WATER AVAILABILITY (MAF) POPULATION (Million) 1080 m3 (2007) Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  5. BALOCHISTAN • Balochistan province is unique in its geo-political position in Pakistan: south-western part (44% area) • An arid mountainous region receiving an average annual rainfall of about 200 mm Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  6. BALOCHISTAN • Groundwater is the main dependable source of water as most of the streams are ephemeral • Rainwater in small to large streams/rivers plays a major role in groundwater development and arid agriculture Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  7. BALOCHISTAN • Due to scarcity of water, out of 186,000 km2 culturableland, less than 50% area is under cultivation • The province suffered due to inefficient use of its resources: water, bio-diversity, rangelands, forest and soils

  8. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES • Growing population is increasing water demand and reduced rainfall increased groundwater utilization.

  9. RIVER BASINS • There are fourteen major basins in the province Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  10. GROUNDWATER BALANCE

  11. PILOT BASINS Hamun-e-Mushkel Pishin Lora Mula Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  12. ASSESSMENT CASE • The case study focused on assessment of status of groundwater utilization, present potential, responsible factors and future scenario • Data collection through monitoring and field activities • Secondary data from relevant agencies: WAPDA, Irrigation and Power Department, Agriculture Department, Population Census, etc. • Further strategic and research activities Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  13. Case Study 1: Pishi-Lora Basin Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  14. Pishin-Lora Basin Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  15. Groundwater Monitoring

  16. Groundwater Decline

  17. Water Balance in the Basin Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  18. Water Demand and Utilization • Water is supplied through: tubewells, hand pumps, wells, karezes and springs Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  19. Agriculture Water Utilization • Basin is good for crops, fruits and vegetables • Major crops: wheat, sunflower, fodder • Major fruits: apple, apricot, almond, grapes, peach, plum, cherry, pomegranate, pistachio etc.

  20. Agriculture Water Utilization Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  21. Water Quality Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  22. Main Observations • High rate of electrical tubewells installation due to flat charge rates and led to indiscriminate and inefficient use of groundwater • Most agriculture by traditional irrigation techniques (flooding) • Most tubewells either abandoned or further drilling done to pump water • Situation led to drying of most fruit orchards • Groundwater extraction beyond sustainable limit Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  23. Case Study 2: Mula Basin Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  24. Mula Basin Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  25. Water Demand and Utilization • Water is supplied through: tubewells, hand pumps, wells, karezes and springs • No monitoring groundwater network Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  26. Agriculture Water Utilization • Basin is good for crops, fruits and vegetables • Major crops: wheat, barley, cumin, fodder • Major fruits: apple, peach, plum, apricot Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  27. Agriculture Water Utilization Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  28. Water Quality Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  29. Main Observations • High rate of electrical tubewells installation due to flat charge rates and led to indiscriminate and inefficient use of groundwater • Most agriculture by traditional irrigation techniques (flooding) • No permanent monitoring network • Sufficient groundwater potential available as balance is 14 MCM, out of 23 MCM. Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  30. Case Study 3: Hamun-e-Mushkel Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  31. Hamun-e-Mushkel Basin Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  32. Water Demand and Utilization • Water is supplied through: tubewells, hand pumps, wells, karezes and springs • Groundwater monitoring non-existent Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  33. Agriculture Water Utilization • Basin is good for crops, fruits and vegetables • Major crops/vegetables: wheat, fodder, onion, potato • Major fruits: apricot, pomegranate, dates, melon Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  34. Agriculture Water Utilization Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  35. Water Quality Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  36. Main Observations • High rate of diesel tubewells installation due to scanty population in desert area • Most agriculture by traditional irrigation techniques (flooding) • No permanent monitoring network • Sufficient groundwater potential available as balance is 56 MCM, out of 61 MCM • The quality of groundwater and sparse population density have been limiting factors for development.

  37. Overall Water Balance in Balochistan

  38. RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES • Enforcement of a water management authority including community members to coordinate water resources planning/ development • Long term sustainable resource management strategy including: reduced groundwater utilization; development of new surface supplies involving storage dams, leaky dams for recharge; reduction in demand from some sectors notably agriculture through adoption of efficient water management techniques. • In rural areas, establishing a relationship between power charges and water consumption for agriculture. The present flat rate charges should be abolished. • Future prices of water and electricity should reflect the commodities opportunity cost. • A policy of controlled groundwater mining must be acknowledged. A strategy should be established in those areas where the aquifer storage can be proven sufficient to provide resource until such time as sustainable resources may be available. • Establishment of a regular groundwater monitoring network • An awareness campaign to deliver the message of efficient water conservation and management techniques for all water users. Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  39. ACTIVITIES AND PROPOSED ESTIMATE FOR PILOT BASINS US$ Total: US$ 127,000 Lanzhou, China 11-17 June 07

  40. Thanks Visit Us @ : http://www.pcrwr.gov.pk , E-mail: pcrwr@isb.comsats.net.pk

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