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How to Explain Ethnic and Gender Employment Disparities in New Caledonia?

How to Explain Ethnic and Gender Employment Disparities in New Caledonia?. Samuel Gorohouna and Catherine Ris LARJE, University of New Caledonia 2014 STATE OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE ANU 17-19 june 2014. New Caledonia. Specific political organization :

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How to Explain Ethnic and Gender Employment Disparities in New Caledonia?

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  1. How to Explain Ethnic and Gender Employment Disparities in New Caledonia? Samuel Gorohouna and Catherine Ris LARJE, University of New Caledonia 2014 STATE OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE ANU 17-19 june 2014

  2. New Caledonia Specificpoliticalorganization : • Very large autonomy from France • Engaged in an emancipation process (transfers of responsibility from the French state to New Caledonia, referendum on the issue of independence) NC differs from other French overseas territories and from other islands in the Pacific : • One of the largest economies in the Pacific Island region • High standard of living (GDP per capita comparable to New Zealand) • High growth rate (3.3% per year between 2000 and 2011) • High level of human development (HDI = 0.87)

  3. Rich but Inequal: Geographic & ethnicInequalities Median income in the South is 2.5 times higher than in the Loyalty Islands Province Median income in the South is twice as high as in the North Province

  4. Population in 2009

  5. EthnicInequalities • Kanak have lower socio economic outcomes • than other New Caledonians

  6. The data -NC: to analyze the evolution of the situation with regards to education and employment for indigenous and non-indigenous people, we use: 1996 and 2009 Censuses (ISEE)  Individual characteristics: gender, age, province of residence, ethnicity, level of education etc. random sample: 50 897 observations.

  7. |Marginal effects |on the probabilities of Employment

  8. Blinder Oaxaca decomposition Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition : “explained” and “unexplained part” of inequalities? • the unexplained part of the gap in employment between Kanak and non-Kanak remain almost the same between 1996 and 2009 • ethnicity seems to play a stronger role for men rather than for women.

  9. “unexplained part”: other explanations Observed characteristics Unobserved factors The potential lack of job-related networks by family members and friends Weaker motivation affected by previous experiences in the labour market, as experience or perception of discrimination may cause discouraged job seekers • Social background • Health • Previous experience on the labor market • Number of children

  10. Conclusions • Differences are generally greater between genders than between ethnic groups • Estimates of the ethnic gap are larger for males than for females Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition : • ethnicity seems to play a stronger role for men rather than for women.

  11. Thankyou

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