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Monotheistic Religions in the Roman Empire

Monotheistic Religions in the Roman Empire. Christianity & Judaism. Early History of Christianity. Yahweh. Hagar -- Abraham -- Sarah | | Ishmael Isaac. Founder of the Arab people. Founder of the Hebrews. Islam. Christianity. Judaism.

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Monotheistic Religions in the Roman Empire

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  1. Monotheistic Religions in the Roman Empire Christianity & Judaism

  2. Early History of Christianity

  3. Yahweh Hagar -- Abraham -- Sarah | | Ishmael Isaac Founder of the Arab people Founder of the Hebrews Islam Christianity Judaism

  4. Empire & New “Mystery” Religions What “Mystery” religion is this? • Featured a miracle performing founder • Offered secret knowledge • Promised individual salvation and eternal life • Focused on a savior deity who died and came back to life • In groups ate sacred food and drink • Seventh day was sacred • Founder’s birthday at the end of December Mithraism

  5. Jesus of Nazareth • Born in Roman occupied Palestine • Became a wandering rabbi who taught: • Hebrew scriptures • Moral perfection • “Blessedness” of society’s outcasts • Nonviolence • Executed by Romans

  6. Early Foundations • The 11 Disciples of Jesus spread the Christian faith • Disciple – one who is taught • Apostle – one who is sent • Christian means “little Christ”

  7. Peter the Apostle • First of the Apostles • Traveled to Rome to become the first Bishop. • “The Rock” • “Pope” • Crucified during reign of Nero

  8. Paul the Apostle • A Jewish enemy of the Christians. • Had a vision of Christ • Spent the rest of his life spreading Christ’s teachings. • Enabled anyone to convert to Christianity • Beheaded during Nero’s reign.

  9. Christianity’s Attraction • Eternal life and a relationship with God • Everyone could participate • Encouraged conversion • Sins were forgiven • Judaism presented too many boundaries

  10. Diocletian • "Edict against the Christians“ 303 CE • Scriptures burned • Churches burned • Priests arrested • Christians tortured and killed

  11. How did Christianity survive? • 313 CE – Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity & ended persecution • Edict of Milan • 392 CE – Emperor Theodosius established Christianity as the Roman Empire’s only faith • 1,000 CE, all European states were Christian and the majority of Europeans were Christians

  12. Judaism in the Roman Empire

  13. King Herod • Rebuilt the Holy Temple • Upper class Jews accepted him • Small farmers and commoners did not • He was a foreigner • He used the people’s taxes to pay for his palaces • Zealots – Jewish rebels

  14. Zealots • Viewed Romans as greedy • Awaited the Messiah • Started a mini-guerrilla war • Herod executed Jewish priests and their family members • This turned many others against him

  15. Diaspora • In Greek, the word Diasporameans dispersion or scattering

  16. The First Diaspora • 66 CE – The Jews rebelled against Rome • 70 CE, Romans marched into Jerusalem • Destroyed the Temple complex • Only the west wall remains • Annexed Judea as Roman province • Drove many Jews from Palestine • 72 CE – Battle of Masada

  17. Masada • Zealots fled to Masada • 900 held out against 15,000 Roman soldiers • Mass suicide

  18. The Second Diaspora • 132 CE – Another Jewish revolt • Fighting lasted for three years • At the end, the Jews lost once again • They were forced to leave their homeland • The Jews didn’t return until 1948 when Israel was created

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