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Social Psych of Sport Psychology

Social Psych of Sport Psychology . 2. Audience Effects. Audience Effects. 2.1 Theories ~ Cottrell et al 2.2 Studies ~ Zajonc et al 2.3 Home advantage ~ Schwartz and Barsky. Overview. Focus is on the change in performance brought about by others Passive – family, stadium full

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Social Psych of Sport Psychology

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  1. Social Psych of Sport Psychology 2. Audience Effects

  2. Audience Effects 2.1 Theories ~ Cottrell et al 2.2 Studies ~ Zajonc et al 2.3 Home advantage ~ Schwartz and Barsky

  3. Overview • Focus is on the change in performance brought about by others • Passive – family, stadium full • Co-acting – taking part in the task competitively or co-operatively

  4. 2.1 Theories…Background research • Triplett (1898) • Cyclists faster when racing against another • Found that 10 year old boys could reel a fish rod faster when 2 did it together in the same room compared to on their own • Knowledge alone enhanced performance • Allport (1924) ~ although quantity behaviours increased quality decreased in specific situations

  5. More research! • Zajonc (1969) ~ drive and arousal based research into social facilitation and social inhibition • Audience produces arousal in a performer ~ heightening the dominant response • The response that replaces other possible responses • Simple familiar tasks this arousal will heightened performance – explaining social facilitation?? • Unfamiliar new tasks this arousal will inhibit performance – explaining social inhibition?? • The mere presence of an audience produces arousal and audience effects Research to support this theory will be covered in the next sub section….

  6. Criticism… • Do the audience interact with the performance? • Clapping, cheering, booing??? • A passive audience definitely do!

  7. Key Study Cottrell et al (1968) Cottrell et al criticised Zajonc’s theory… Read study and make evaluation points: • Reliable? • Application? • Reductionist? • Deterministic?

  8. 2.2 Studies • A year after Cottrell et al produced their findings, Zajonc published these!

  9. Key StudyZajonc (1969) Read study and make evaluation points: • Reductionist? • Deterministic? • Validity issues • Reliability issues Think about what sporting situations Zajonc’sreseach could be applied to!

  10. Either…. Catch up with your own notes Develop revision materials Plan a 10 / 15 marker

  11. BBC news article – audience effects • http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7482972.stm

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