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CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 21 Enlightenment & Romanticism. ‘ The Great Divide’. “We are all born in the enlightenment and bred in romanticism ”. Voltaire 1694-1778. Diderot 1713-1784. Jefferson 1743-1826. “The smile of Reason” Sir Kenneth Clark. I. ENLIGHTENMENT.
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CHURCH HISTORY IILesson 21 Enlightenment & Romanticism ‘The Great Divide’ “We are all born in the enlightenment and bred in romanticism”
Voltaire 1694-1778 Diderot 1713-1784 Jefferson 1743-1826 “The smile of Reason” Sir Kenneth Clark I. ENLIGHTENMENT “a self conscience break with traditional values and authority, producing a new intellectual climate in which reason was enthroned” Dr. Frank James
A. The Promise of Science Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, For the past three hundred years the umbrella civilization of Western man has been modern paganism, or secular humanism…It is probably the most creative, the most liberated, the wealthiest, most dehumanizing, and most murderous civilization in the history of our species” Chaim Potok, Wanderings “Nature and natures laws lay hid in night; God said, ‘Let Newton be’ and all was light” Alexander Pope Isaac Newton 1642-1727
B. The Progress of Philosophy 1. Rationalism of Descartes Methodical Doubt “like a spider, producing cob-webs from his own mind” Lord Bacon Rene Descartes 1596-1650
2. Empiricism of John Locke Not Thinker but Investigator The Reasonableness of Christianity Both arrived at the same conclusion: The Growing Autonomy of Human Reason 1632-1704 CENTRALITY OF MORALITY Tyndale “Christianity as Old As Creation” Jefferson “The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth”
DEISM Lord Sidney Herbert of Cherbourgh (1583-1648) John Toland (1670-1722) Christianity Not Mysterious God Exists God is nice We are too! David Hume “the frown of reason”
II. ROMANTICISM “I feel, therefore I am” ROMANTIC CREED 1. Importance of feelings Rousseau 1712-1778 2. Sanctity of Nature 3. The role of the artist “The artist stands on mankind like a statue on its pedestal….Only an artist can divine the meaning of life” Novalis
Religion within the limits of reason Kant (1724-1804) Inner religion-absolute dependence Schleiermacher (1768-1834) SUBJECTIVE THEOLOGY How I feel/think/believe
Transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson “Obey Thyself” Faces along the bar Cling to their average day: The lights must never go out, The music must always play, All the conventions conspire To make this fort assume The furniture of home; Lest we should see where we are, Lost in a haunted wood, Children afraid of the night Who have never been happy or good. WH AUDEN September 1,1939 (1803-1882)
“Go to the eighteenth century…Read the stories of the great tides and movements of the Spirit experienced in that century. For a preacher, it is absolutely invaluable” Lloyd-Jones, Preachers and Preaching, p 118 “The world begins to feel a warmth from the fire of God which thus flames in the heart of Germany” Cotton Mather, 1715
Did You Know "For I the Lord do not change; therefore you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed." (Malachi 3:6) "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever." (Hebrews 13:8) "The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever." (Isaiah 40:8) "But the word of the Lord remains forever. And this word is the good news that was preached to you" (1 Peter 1:25 ).