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Unit D – Safety in Transport

Unit D – Safety in Transport. Pages 230 - 303. Chapter 13 – A Need For Safety. In this chapter you will learn about: Common driver errors Transportation data and studies that help make our roads safe Work through scenarios to answer questions like: What factors lead to traffic accidents?

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Unit D – Safety in Transport

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  1. Unit D – Safety in Transport Pages 230 - 303

  2. Chapter 13 – A Need For Safety • In this chapter you will learn about: • Common driver errors • Transportation data and studies that help make our roads safe • Work through scenarios to answer questions like: • What factors lead to traffic accidents? • What is the connection between reaction time and vehicle collisions? • What are the most common injuries? • How are vehicles and roads designed to keep us safe?

  3. 13.1 – Analyzing the Error • Injuries from vehicle collisions range from scratches and bruises to serious internal injury causing death • How safe are you? • 50 times more likely to die in a road collision than in an airplane crash • 5 times more likely to be killed in a road collision than to be murdered • Many times more likely to be injured in a vehicle collision

  4. Injuries • Each year, more than 200 000 Canadians are injured in motor vehicle collisions • Injures include: • Cuts, bruises, broken bones • whiplash • Serious burns • Internal injuries • head and spinal injuries • Leading to blindness, paralysis, brain damage

  5. Did you Know? • More accidents happen on Friday than on any other day of the week… • Why?

  6. 13.2 – Reaction Time • The time it takes you to recognize a problem and act on it is called reaction time • Even if you are alert and react very quickly, there are many factors that affect a driver’s ability to stop • Icy roads • Poor tire condition • Poor brake condition Brake failure… Fail.

  7. Some drivers have a habit of following to close • These drivers do not have enough room to stop if the car in front stops suddenly. • What are the potential hazards in the image?

  8. Reaction Time and Distractions • A distraction is anything that takes your attentions away from what you are supposed to be doing • Common distractions outside the vehicle: • Common distractions inside the vehicle: • Distractions you have control over:

  9. Fatigue and Reaction Time • Sleepy drivers are a serious danger: • Run off the road • Roll their vehicle into a ditch • Cross the centre line into on-coming traffic

  10. Some people try to stay awake by drinking coffee and energy drinks that contain caffeine – a stimulant • Stimulants increase heart rate and speed up reaction time

  11. Effects of the stimulant wear off and the driver is more tired than before – and therefore has a slower reaction time • No amount of caffeine, loud music, cold air, or pinching yourself will keep awake • Pull over a safe parking place and take a nap.

  12. Reaction Time and Drugs • Anything that prevents you from functioning normally means that you are impaired • alcohol, prescriptive, non-prescriptive drugs can make it dangerous for a user to drive

  13. Alcohol and Driving • Alcohol is a depressant: • slows reaction time • lowers co-ordination • Makes the drinker sleepy • Alcohol is absorbed from the stomach directly into the bloodstream • Body recognizes the alcohol as a poison • Liver can convert one drink into less harmful substances, but is soon overwhelmed

  14. Blood Alcohol Concentration • It is difficult for a person to know if they have consumed too much alcohol and should not drive. • Law enforcement use a BAC – blood alcohol concentration • If a person’s BAC is 0.08, they have 0.08 mg of alcohol for each mL of blood • BAC is measured in mg of alcohol in a mLof blood

  15. Blood Alcohol and the Law • In Canada, ______________ is generally considered the _______________ • A police officer can charge drivers who have ______________ on their breath when they are pulled over – the charge is ____________________ • Drivers are considered to be impaired when their _____________________ than normal: • _______________________________ • ___________________________________________

  16. __________any one person can drink before exceeding the legal limit of 0.08 mg/mL ______________: • _________________ consumed • ________________ • ___________ • Other factors that can affect ability to drive: • Amount of ________ consumed • About of _________ person has had

  17. 13.3 – Collision Injuries • Individuals involved in vehicle collisions may sustain _________ and ______________ injuries • Physical and emotional stress is referred to as ___________ • Physical trauma: cuts, scrapes, broken bones, whiplash, metal injury • Emotional trauma: grief, regret, fear of driving

  18. Physical Trauma • Some injuries can be healed __________ ________ • ________________ or ____________________ required to correct some damage • Some injuries cannot be healed: • Major _________________ • ______________ • _____________ injuries

  19. Mental Trauma • Emotional trauma is not “_________” • Emotional ____________ can assist individuals

  20. Whiplash • Whiplash occurs when the ______________ ___________ of the neck are ____________ • Common injury for the people in the _______ ___ of a _________________

  21. Properly ___________________ prevent the head from flying backward beyond the back of the seat • Chiropractic or massage therapy can be helpful in treating whiplash

  22. Grief • How would you feel? • Talking to a professional who understands sadness helps many people deal with emotional pain

  23. 13.4 – Protection and Prevention • ______________are built into ________ and _____ to protect you in case of a road accident • _____ concerning proper driving procedures • _________________________designed to make us aware of specific traffic dangers

  24. Safe Vehicles • In Alberta, the law says that every person must ______________________; small children and babies are restrained using specially designed seats • Does this law keep you safe? • What has happened to the number of fatalities since the seal belt laws were passed in 1987?

  25. Other Safety Features • Seatbelts work ______________ to restrain passengers. • Other safety features are designed to work only when ________________________: • Air bags • Anti-lock braking systems • Crumple zones • Side impact beams

  26. Air bags • _________ when a collision occurs • _________ drivers and passengers against impact

  27. Anti-lock Braking Systems • Provide better _______________ in slippery conditions

  28. Crumple Zones • Located on the outer parts of the car near the bumpers • _____________________ of the collision so the passengers feel less effect

  29. Side Impact Beams • Steel beams in the doors • Prevent the doors from _____________ • Protect the people inside the vehicle

  30. Vehicle Maintenance • Maintenance or continual care is important for all safety features on your vehicle: • ________ – poor tread causes vehicles to skid easily, affect time for vehicle to slow down • __________ – steering mechanism should be checked to make sure vehicle steers when you need it to • ______________________ – poor condition of wipers makes it hard to see the road ahead

  31. Safe Roads • Roads are designed to be as safe as possible: • _____________ – remind people to slow down before intersections or school zones • ______________ - protect cars from falling over steep edges • ______________________________ – warn of pedestrian crossing or intersections • ___________________________ – fall apart on impact to reduce force of a collision

  32. Chapter 13 Summary • Most collisions are preventable and due to driver error • The use of alcohol and medications, distractions, and fatigue are often factors in vehicle collisions • There are many types of injuries caused by vehicle collisions • Accident victims use different methods to heal • There are many regulations and road safety features that protect drivers and passengers

  33. Chapter 14 – The Nature of Speed Pages 250 - 267

  34. What you will learn about… • What is velocity? • How to create and interpret a distance/time graph • To calculate the velocity of an object using the formula • What effect does increasing velocity have on stopping distance and following distance

  35. 14.1 – Defining Velocity • How do you know how fast you are going? • By foot? • Bike? • Car?

  36. Setting a Limit • Why are speed limits set? • Why do school and playground zones have a limit of 30 km/hr?

  37. What is Velocity? • Car speedometers use __________ and _____ to determine the speed or velocity of an object • Distance is a change _____________ • Change in position occurs over a period of _____ • Velocity is the ___________________ by an object during a ___________________________

  38. Vehicles travelling at 100 km/h cover a distance of ____km in _____ hour • Vehicles travelling 50 km/h cover half that distance • All descriptions of velocity include _______ (i.e. km/h or m/s)

  39. You can calculate the velocity or any object if you know its change in __________, and the period of _______ over which the change occurred. • This is the formula that is used: or d = _______ in ___________ (km) or ________ (m) t = ______ in _______ (h) or ____________ (s) v = __________ in ______ or _____

  40. Try this: • A cue ball travels two meters toward the 8-ball. It takes one second for the cue ball to reach the 8-ball, how fast is the cue ball moving?

  41. A snowboarder makes it down a 1000 m run in 60 seconds. What is the snowboarder’s velocity?

  42. 14.2 - Graphing Velocity • It is difficult to make sense of a table full of numbers that show distance and time

  43. Distance versus Time Graphs • Called _________________ graphs for short • In distance/time graphs: • ______ describes the object being studied and what variables are being studied • ______ is plotted on ______ (horizontal) • __________ is plotted on the _______ (vertical) • The line of “_______” joins the data points and gives us information about the __________

  44. Constant Velocity, Changing Velocity • The ______ of the line represents the ________ of the object • A _______ line shows a _________ velocity • A ____________________ line shows a velocity that ___________ over time

  45. The data below was collected by timing a running student for 10 seconds. Create a labeled graph from the data.

  46. Calculating velocity from a d/t graph • You can use a distance/time graph to determine the _________ of an object • Describe the motion of both of these objects • Object A: • Object B:

  47. The ____ on a distance/time graph shows the ________________ between ____ points • The ____ shows the _______________ between ____________ two points

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