Unit 4 Day 5

1. Tuesday 1/21/14 HALF DAY Unit 4 Day 5 OBJECTIVE: Explain why earthquakes occur, earthquake energy, measurement hazards and safety. • Do Now: • Natural Disasters Vocab • Today: • Natural Disasters Overview • Homework: • Chap 22.4 Plate Tectonics and GRWS

2. Thursday 1/23/14 2 hr delay Unit 4 Day 6OBJECTIVE: Investigate Hurricanes and Tornadoes formation, damage potential, warnings and safety issues • Do Now: • Natural Disasters - crossword • Today: • Finish Natural Disasters notes and videos • DVD field trip – Wild Weather • Hurricane and Tornado notes • Homework: • Earthquakes Chap 22.5 GRWS

3. Natural Disasters Cause 10 MILLION combined deaths a year…and counting… *May cause ripple effects and lead to other Natural Disasters!*

5. Natural Disasters Earthquakes Volcanoes Tsunamis Floods Tornadoes Blizzards Avalanches Drought Hurricanes, Cyclones & Typhoons Mudslides Wildfires

7. Earthquakes “Seismic” activity caused by a SHIFT in tectonic plates Energy in atomic bombs only 1/100000 of large earthquakes! May cause other ND like tsunamis, landslides, volcanoes & flooding Brace for “aftershocks” • For protection: “Drop & Cover”

8. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/earthquakes/inside-earthquake/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/earthquakes/inside-earthquake/

9. VOLCANO

10. Volcanoes “Seismic” activity where plates separate and MAGMA rises up to fill the gaps Also when plates collide and one plate MELTS (e.g. Ring of Fire) “Cone” is built-up of accumulated material Volcanoes can be helpful! (Enriches soil)

11. NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day - 11/03/13Sakurajima Volcano with Lightning

12. Volcanic Lightning, Eyjafjallajökull - Iceland 2010.

13. Tsunami

14. Tsunamis A tidal wave caused by submarine seismic activity May have wavelength of 60 to 120 miles and reach speeds of 800 km/hr Begins ½ meter high at sea, but may reach 100+ feet at the shoreline Creates a number of waves 10 to 30 minutes apart Most originate along the “RING OF FIRE” in the pacific

15. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-101/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-101/

16. TORNADO

17. Tornadoes Violent winds that swirl counter-clockwise in northern hemisphere and clockwise in southern Speeds up to 300+ miles/hr Funnel Cloud only lasts a few seconds in one spot – skips along path of destruction Part of a severe thunderstorm ahead of cold fronts Mostly spring and summer Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma are in “Tornado Alley”

18. Fair-weather waterspouts are weak vortexes on the water. They don’t suck up water from the surface; the water in the column is condensation. Waterspouts can also be considered tornadic and have the same characteristics of a tornado, with storms and potential for plenty of property damage.

19. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/environment-news/us-tornado-formation-vin/?source=vidcarouselhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/environment-news/us-tornado-formation-vin/?source=vidcarousel

20. Hurricanes

21. Hurricanes, Cyclones, Typhoons All basically the same disaster – different names in different parts of the world Sun’s energy creates ocean currents and increased evaporation Water vapor is carried away from the equator and condenses Earth’s rotation causes storm to grow winds over 73 mph Moves in a circular pattern around a low pressure “eye”

22. Hurricanes, Cyclones, Typhoons • Winds move counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern • Lasts between 5-10 days – broken apart by friction from land • May lead to mudslides • Majority of deaths from drowning

24. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/hurricanes/hurricanes-101/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/hurricanes/hurricanes-101/

26. Blizzards • Snowy Hurricanes • Winds over 35 mph • Can cause power outages • Pipes may freeze

27. Avalanche

28. Avalanches Snow landslides Powder snow avalanches are the largest avalanches Can exceed 300 km/h and 10,000,000 TONS of snow

29. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/avalanches/avalanche-adventure/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/avalanches/avalanche-adventure/

30. FLOOD

31. Floods: Primary Hazards Secondary Hazards Most deaths of any Natural Disaster Destruction of buildings Erosion of earth Water contact Diseases Crop loss / famine Polluted drinking water Wildlife destruction River changes

32. DROUGHT

33. Drought • Intense heat and Lack of rain • Leads to Famine • Can last for many years

34. Mudslide

35. Mudslides • Driven by gravity, accompanied by water • Saturation, erosion, seismic activity • May lead to additional flooding

36. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1cCs-S5EKc

37. Wildfire

38. Wildfires Common causes include lightning, human carelessness, slash-and-burn farming, arson, volcano eruption, and underground coal fires. Heat waves, droughts, and cyclical climate changes such as El Niño can also dramatically increase the risk of wildfires

39. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSB9pTurhi4

40. Sandstorm, Phoenix Arizona 2011

41. Deadliest USA Natural Disasters • Earthquake • April 18, 1906 San Francisco: earthquake accompanied by fire razed more than 4 sq mi; estimates range from 700 to 3,000 dead or missing. • Flood • May 31, 1889 Johnstown, Pa.: collapse of South Fork Dam left more than 2,200 dead. • Tornado • March 18, 1925 Mo., Ill., and Ind.: great “Tri-State Tornado”; 689 dead; over 2,000 injured. Property damage estimated at $16.5 million. • Avalanche • March 1,1910 Wellington, Wash.: 2 trains snowbound in Stevens Pass in Cascade Range swept off tracks into canyon 150 ft below, killing 96

42. Deadliest USA Natural Disasters • Drought • Many states 1930s: longest drought of 20th century. A great “dust bowl” covered 50 million acres in the south-central plains during the winter of 1935–1936. • Hurricane • Sept. 8, 1900 Galveston, Tex.: an estimated 6,000–8,000 dead, mostly from devastation due to tidal surge. • Blizzard • March 11–14, 1888 East Coast: the “Blizzard of 1888.” 400 people died; accumulation of up to 5 ft of snow. Damage estimated at $20 million. • Volcano • May 18, 1980, the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in the history of the United States.57 people were killed; 250 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways, and 185 miles (300 km) of highway were destroyed.

43. Hurricanes and Tornados

44. Hurricanes • How do hurricanes form? • Hurricanes usually form in the tropical zones north and south of the equator, over warm waters  • Convection – when warm moist air rises and forms clusters of thunderstorms • The Corioliseffect, created by the Earth's spinning motion, may cause this cluster of storms to rotate  • If the system becomes organized and strong enough, with sustained winds of 39 mph, it becomes a tropical storm. At 74 mph or more, it becomes a hurricane.

46. Hurricanes • A hurricane can be hundreds of miles across. • Rain bands spiral around the center of the system. • Air sinks in the clear center, or eye, which can be from 5 miles to more than 100 miles across. • When a hurricane hits land, it tends to weaken mostly because it has lost its source of energy - the warm ocean waters.  • The water rises up there in a sort of mound. This causes a devastating storm surge when a hurricane hits land,

48. Hurricanes • Hurricane names are reused unless the storm is particularly destructive. The names used to be all women's names, but since 1979, men's names have been used, too. • The Atlantic hurricane season begins June 1 and ends November 30, with the peak months from August through October. • In different parts of the world, hurricanes are known as typhoons (west of the International Date Line) or tropical cyclones (in the Indian Ocean or near Australia).