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Chapter 5 Input

Chapter 5 Input. Chapter 5 Objectives. Next. Explain how voice recognition works. Describe the two types of input. Understand how to input data into a handheld computer. List the characteristics of a keyboard. Identify the uses of a digital camera. Identify various types of keyboards.

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Chapter 5 Input

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  1. Chapter 5Input

  2. Chapter 5 Objectives Next Explain how voice recognition works Describe the two types of input Understand how to input data into a handheld computer List the characteristics of a keyboard Identify the uses of a digital camera Identify various types of keyboards Describe the various techniques used for video input Identify various types of pointing devices Describe the uses of PC video cameras and Web cams Explain how a mouse works Explain how scanners and other reading devices work Describe different mouse types Identify alternative input devices for physically challenged users p. 5.2

  3. What is input? Any data or instructions you enter into the memory of the computer Users can input data and instructions in a variety of ways What Is Input? Next p. 5.2 Fig. 5-1

  4. What are two types of input? Data A collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Instructions Programs Commands User responses What Is Input? USER RESPONSESYes, the timecard entries are correctNo, the timecard entries are not correct COMMANDSprint the timecard PROGRAMStimecard Next DATA Bradley Kinkade 42 hours $12.50 per hour hard disk INSTRUCTIONS p. 5.3 Fig. 5-2

  5. What is Input? Data Collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Next What is information? p. 5.3

  6. What are the three forms of instructions? What is Input? Program A series of instructions that tells a computer how to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information User response An instruction you can issue by replying to a question that a computer program displays Command An instruction given to a computer program Users can issue commands by typing or pressing keys on the keyboard, clicking a mouse button, speaking into a microphone, or touching an area of a screen Next p. 5.3

  7. What are two features of most programs today? Menu-driven program Provides menus as a means of entering commands Menus contain a list of options from which you select What is Input? icons menu icons buttons Next • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Uses icons, buttons, and other graphical objects that allow you to select and issue commands p. 5.3

  8. What is an input device? Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer What are Input Devices? voice input video input keyboard scanners and reading devices pointing device digital camera Next p. 5.4

  9. What is a keyboard? An input device that contains keys you press to enter data into the computer Typing area Letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys The Keyboard function keys typing area Next numeric keypad • Numeric keypad • Calculator-style arrangement of keys • Function keys • Special keys programmed to issue commands toa computer Click to view Web Link then click Keyboards p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3

  10. What are the features of a typical keyboard? The Keyboard CD/DVD controls function keys additional keys typing area NUM LOCK key wrist rest Internet and multimedia controls status lights WINDOWS keys APPLICATION key arrow keys Next numeric keypad p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3

  11. What are some special types of keys? SHIFT, CTRL, ALT and others Used in combination with other keys to issue commands The Keyboard pointer insertion point Next • Toggle key • Switches between two different states such as the NUM LOCK or CAPS LOCK keys • Keys to position the insertion point • Insertion point is a symbol that indicates where on the screen the next character you type will display p. 5.4 Fig. 5-5

  12. What are alternative forms for commands? Many programs allow you to use a button, a menu, or a function key to obtain the same result The Keyboard Edit|Copy SHIFT+F2 Copy Open File|Open CTRL+F12 Print File|Print CTRL+SHIFT+F12 Next Command Button Menu Function Key(s) p. 5.4 Fig. 5-4

  13. What are the different types of keyboards? QWERTY keyboard Standard computer keyboard named for the layout of its typing area Enhanced keyboard 12 function keys along the top, 2 CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, and a set of arrow and additional keys between the typing area and the numeric keypad Cordless keyboard Battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology Notebook and many handheld keyboards Built into the top of the system unit The Keyboard Next p. 5.5 Fig. 5-6

  14. What is a portable keyboard? A full-sized keyboard you conveniently can attach and remove from a handheld computer The Keyboard Next p. 5.6 Fig. 5-7

  15. What is an ergonomic keyboard? Designed to minimize strain on your hands and wrists The Keyboard Next • Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace p. 5.6 Fig. 5-8

  16. What is a pointing device? An input device that allows you to control a pointer on the screen A pointer is a small symbol on the screen The pointer takes several shapes Pointing Devices I-beam block arrow Next pointing hand p. 5.7

  17. Douglas Engelbart Scientist at the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s Part of a team that designed the first mouse with funding from NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense Filed a patent for his design in 1965, but his thinking was too ahead of his time to reach fruition Technology Trailblazer Next Click to view Web Linkthen click Douglas Engelbart p. 5.8

  18. What is a mouse? A pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand The most widely used pointing device on desktop computers The mouse controls the movement of the pointer, also called the mouse pointer, on the screen Mouse Next Click to view video Click to view Web Link then click Mouse p. 5.7

  19. A rubber or metal ball is on its underside When the ball rolls in a certain direction, electronic circuits in the mouse translate the movement of the mouse into signals the computer understands How does a mechanical mouse work? Mouse mousepad mousebuttons wheel button Next ball • A mouse pad provides better traction and protects the ball from a build up of dust and dirt p. 5.7 Fig. 5-9

  20. How does an optical mouse work? Uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the mouse’s movement Some use optical sensors; others use laser More precise than a mechanical mouse and does not require cleaning Slightly more expensive Mouse wheel button back button forward button optical sensor Next p. 5.7 Fig. 5-10

  21. How can a mouse connect to your computer? Mouse Cable Attach to a serial port, a mouse port, or USB port on the computer Cordless mouse Also called a wireless mouse Battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such a s radio waves or infrared light waves Next p. 5.8

  22. How do you use a mouse? As you move the mouse, the pointer on the screen also moves Mouse Step 1: Position the mouse in the middle of the mouse pad Step 2: Move the mouse diagonally toward the left until the pointer rests on the Internet Explorer icon pointer pointer Next p. 5.8 Fig. 5-11

  23. Point Click Right-click Double-click Drag Right-drag Rotate wheel Press wheel button What are some common mouse operations? Other Pointing Devices Point Click Right-click Double-click Point to an item, hold down the left mouse button, move the item to the desired location on the screen, and then release the left mouse button Press the wheel button while moving the mouse on the desktop Press and release the secondary mouse button, which usually is the right mouse button Point to an item, hold down the right mouse button, move the item to the desired location on the screen , and then release the right mouse button Quickly press and release the left mouse button twice without moving the mouse Roll the wheel forward or backward Move the mouse across a flat surface until the pointer on the desktop rests on the item of choice Press and release the primary mouse button, which usually is the left mouse button Drag Right-drag Rotate wheel Press wheel button Next p. 5.9 Fig. 5-12

  24. Logitech World’s largest manufacturer of the mouse Has created more than 200-million corded and cordless devices since 1981 Also designs, produces, and markets keyboards, optical trackballs, joysticks, gamepads, and Internet video cameras Company on the Cutting Edge Next Click to viewWeb Linkthen click Logitech p. 5.9

  25. What is a trackball? A stationary pointing device with a ball on its top To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, fingers, or the palm of your hand Other Pointing Devices? Next trackball Click to view Web Link then click Trackballs p. 5.10 Fig. 5-13

  26. What is a touchpad? Also called a trackpad Other Pointing Devices touchpad Next • A small flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion • Typically built onto keyboards of laptop or notebook computers Click to view Web Link then click Touchpads p. 5.10 Fig. 5-14

  27. What is a pointing stick? A pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on the keyboard Other Pointing Devices pointing stick Next Click to view Web Link then click Pointing Sticks p. 5.11 Fig. 5-15

  28. What are a joystick and a wheel? Help the user control the actions of players and vehicles in game and simulation software A joystick is a vertical lever mounted on a base You move the lever in different directions to control the actions of a vehicle or player Other Pointing Devices joystick wheel pedal Next • A wheel is a steering-wheel type input device • You turn the wheel to drive a car, truck, or other vehicle • Most include foot pedals p. 5.11 Fig. 5-16

  29. What is a light pen? A handheld input device that contains a light source or can detect light Other Pointing Devices Next • Some require a specially designed monitor • To select objects on the screen, you press the light pen against the surface of the screen and then press a button on the pen p. 5.12 Fig. 5-17

  30. What is a touch screen? A touch-sensitive display Other Pointing Devices Next • You interact with the device by touching areas of the screen with your finger • Often found in kiosks located in stores, hotels, airports, and museums p. 5.12 Fig. 5-18

  31. What is a stylus? Used in professional graphical applications A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer or digitizing tablet, is a flat rectangular, electronic plastic board used with a stylus Other Pointing Devices stylus or pen Next • Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to write text and draw lines • Originally called a pen or electronic pen Click to view Web Linkthen click Stylus p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19

  32. What is a cursor? A cursor is a device that looks similar to a mouse, except it has a window with cross hairs Other Pointing Devices cursor Next • The user can see through the window to the tablet p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19

  33. What is an electronic signature? Also called an e-signature Other Pointing Devices Next • Pen and graphics tablet used with special software for handwriting recognition • An electronic signature is just as legal as an ink signature Click to view Web Linkthen click E-signatures p. 5.13 Fig. 5-20

  34. What is handwriting recognition software? Some notebooks and many handheld computers have touch screens that allow you to input data using a stylus Other Pointing Devices Next • Software translates handwritten letters and symbols into characters that the computer understands p. 5.14 Fig. 5-21

  35. What is voice input? The process of entering data by speaking into a microphone that is attached to the sound card on the computer Voice recognition, also called speech recognition, is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words Voice Input speaker-dependent software The computer makes a profile of your voice You have to train the computer to recognize your voice speaker-dependent software speaker-independent software Has a built-in set of word patterns You do not have to train a computer to recognize your voice speaker-independent software vs. vs. discrete speech You have to speak slowly and separate each word with a short pause continuous speech Allows you to speak in a flowing conversational tone Next Click to viewanimation p. 5.14

  36. How does voice recognition work? Voice Input You’re right! Natural Language Engine your, you’re right, write …Your write…You’re right…Your right Matches Next Step 1: User dictates text into microphone. Step 2: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates sound waves into digital measurements the computer can understand. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and phenomes. Phenomes are sound units such as aw and guh. Step 3: The software compares the spoken measurements to those in its database to find a match or list of possible matches. Step 4: To narrow a list down, the software presents the user with a list of choices or uses a natural language component to predict the most likely match. The user may correct any wrong selection made by the software. p. 5.15 Fig. 5-22

  37. What is audio input? The process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects Requires a sound card Input sound via a device such as a microphone, tape player, CD player, or radio Windows stores audio files as waveforms Called WAV files with a .wav extension Voice Input Next p. 5.16

  38. What is MIDI? An external device such as an electronic piano keyboard used to input music and other sound effects Music is stored in the computer Voice Input Next p. 5.16 Fig. 5-23

  39. A handheld computer typically includes a basic stylus What is the primary input method for a handheld computer? Input Devices for Handheld Computers Next • Stylus used to enter data in two ways • On-screen keyboard • Handwriting recognition software Click to view video Click to view Web Linkthen click Handheld Computer Input p. 5.17 Fig. 5-24

  40. How is a data entered into a handheld device? Input Devices for Handheld Computers stylus handwriting recognition characters voice input stylus stylus transfer data to desktop computer on-screen keyboard Next digital camera portable keyboard p. 5.17 Fig. 5-25

  41. Palm More than two million people worldwide have a Palm handheld computer Commands three-fourths of the handheld computer market More than 43,000 developers are working on new software applications and hardware add-ons Company on the Cutting Edge Next Click to view Web Linkthen click Palm p. 5.14

  42. Donna Dubinsky President and CEO of 3Com’s Palm Computing Division Founded Handspring with Jeff Hawkins in 1998 with the goal of becoming the leading handheld computing device maker for the consumer market The most-rapidly adopted new computing product ever manufactured Technology Trailblazer Next Click to view Web Linkthen click DonnaDubinsky p. 5.17

  43. What is a digital camera? Allows you to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally Images are viewable immediately on the camera Digital Cameras Next • You can download, or transfer a copy of the pictures from the camera to the computer • Images can be edited, printed, or posted on a Web site or photo community p. 5.18 Fig. 5-26

  44. How are digital camera images stored? Generally, the more expensive cameras use higher-capacity storage devices, which means they can hold more pictures Digital Cameras floppy disk memory stick PC Card SuperDisk compact flash card Clik! disk mini-CD microdrive Next p. 5.18

  45. How does a digital camera work? Digital Cameras Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 2 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 3 Step 4 Step 4 Step 4 Step 4 Step 5 Step 5 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Next Step 1: Point to the image to photograph. Light passes into the lens of the camera. Step 1 Step 2: The image is focused on a chip called a charge-coupled device (CCD). Step 3: The CCD generates an analog signal that represents the image. Step 4: The analog signal is converted to a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Step 6: Images are transferred to a computer by plugging one end of the cable into a camera and the other cable end into a computer; or the images are copied to the hard disk directly from the media. Step 5: A digital signal processor (DSP) adjusts the quality of the image and stores the digital image on storage media in the camera. Step 7: Using software supplied with the camera, the images are viewed on the screen, incorporated into documents, or printed. p. 5.19 Fig. 5-27

  46. What are three basic types of digital cameras? Digital Cameras Studio camera A stationary camera used for professional studio work Most expensive and highest quality Field camera A portable camera that has many lenses and other attachments Can be quite expensive Point-and-shoot camera Provides acceptable quality photographic images for the home or small business user More affordable and lightweight Next Click to view video p. 5.19

  47. What is resolution? The sharpness and clearness of an image The higher the resolution, the better the image quality, but the more expensive the camera A pixel (picture element) is a single point in an electronic image Digital Cameras Next • In digital images the pixel is a tiny square • The greater the number of pixels, the better the quality of the image p. 5.20 Fig. 5-28

  48. What are measurements of resolution? Digital Cameras megapixel 1 million pixels optical resolution The actual photographed resolution enhanced resolution Also called interpolated resolution Uses a special formula to add pixels between those generated by the optical resolution dots per inch (dpi) Number of pixels in an inch of screen display bits per dot Number of bits a camera stores in a dot The more bits used to represent a dot, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented Next p. 5.20

  49. What is video input? The process of entering a full-motion recording into a computer and storing it on a storage medium Also called video capture Video Input digital video camera video-in plug analog video camera Next • A video capture card is an expansion card that converts the analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can understand • A digital video (DV) camera is a video camera that records video as digital signals p. 5.21 Fig. 5-29

  50. What are some factors related to video input? Video files can require huge amounts of storage space Video compression is used to decrease the size of the files Files can be compressed using software or hardware Video Input video digitizer Used to capture an individual frame from an analog video and then save the picture in a file video decoder A card that decompresses video data Next p. 5.21

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