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Solutions

Solutions. Solubility - Henry’s Law Section 15.1. Solvation Review. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture. Give an example of a solute and an example of a solvent. What states of matter can solutions consist of?

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions Solubility - Henry’s Law Section 15.1

  2. Solvation Review • Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture. • Give an example of a solute and an example of a solvent. • What states of matter can solutions consist of? • Explain the difference between soluble and insoluble. Give an example of a substance soluble in water and a substance insoluble in water.

  3. Solvation Review • Explain the terms miscible and immiscible and give an example of each. • What is the difference between a soluble substance and a miscible substance? • Describe the Tyndall Effect and the type of mixture it affects. • What are the three factors that affect the rate of solvation?

  4. Temperature and Solubility • As temperature is increased the solubility of a solid solute will generally increase, with a few exceptions: • As the temperature is increased, the solubility of a gas will decrease. At higher temperatures the gas molecules move much faster than they do a lower temperatures. So as a general rule gases are less soluble in hot liquids than in cool liquids.That is why in the summer time there are a lot of fish kills in some estuaries due to the water being warmer and less oxygen available for the fish.

  5. Pressure and Solubility – Henry’s Law • Henry’s Law – The solubility of any gas increases as the external pressure is increased • This equation describe Henry’s Law: S1 = S2 ‘s’ = solubility P1 P2 ‘p’ = pressure

  6. Pressure and Solubility – Henry’s Law • Example: carbonated beverages – once you “pop the top” on a Coke, the external pressure has been reduced, and the solubility of the CO2 goes down. This is why Coke goes “flat” in a very short amount of time.

  7. Henry’s Law Practice Problems I • S1/P1 = S2/P2 • If 0.55 g of a gas dissolves in 1.0 L of water at 2 atm of pressure, how much will dissolve at 4.5 atm of pressure? • 2. A gas has a solubility of 0.66 g/L at 10 atm of pressure. What is the pressure on a 1.0 L sample that contains 1.5 g of gas?

  8. Henry’s Law Practice Problems I • S1/P1 = S2/P2 • If .68 g of a gas at 5 atm of pressure dissolves in 1.0 L of water at 25oC, how much will dissolve in 1.0 L of water at 8 atm of pressure and the same temperature? • 4. A gas has a solubility of 1.46 g/L at 8 atm of pressure. What is the pressure of a 1.0 L sample that contains 2.7 g/L? • 5. If 1.2 g of a gas at 6 atm of pressure dissolves in 1.0 L of water at 25oC, how much will dissolve in 1.0 L of water at 3 atm of pressure and the same temperature?

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