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Perception • Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus • Implications fordriving and talkingon cell phone?
Selective Attention Example • In performing an experiment like this oneon when attention you it read is the critically fine important print that you the realize material you that have is a being really read awesome by teacher the who subject makes for learning the fun relevant and task exciting iscohesive.
Selective Attention • Cocktail Party Effect • Ability to attend to one voice among many
Inattentional Blindness • Inattentional blindness – failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere • http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/15.html
Change Blindness Change blindness – failing to notice a visual change when our attention is directed elsewhere Change deafness • 40 percent of people focused on repeating a list of words failed to notice a change in the person speaking
Choice Blindness • Choice Blindness • 2005 Study - Select the girl you find more attractive • Given the girl they did not choose and asked to explain why they chose. • 13% noticed, the rest explained in detail. • Choice-Blindness Blindness • When asked, given a hypothetical study in which we switched them on you, would you notice? – 84% said yes.
Pop-Out Phenomenon • A distinct stimulusdraws our eye • Example: Namebeing said duringcocktail party
Perceptual Illusions Other Perceptual Illusions
Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses • Movie theater – we perceive sounds as coming from the screen in front of us, not from the projector behind us
Perceptual Organization: Gestalt • Gestalt: an organized whole • Gestalt Psychology: emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
Perceptual Organization • Figure and Ground--organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
Perceptual Organization: Gestalt • Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups • Grouping Principles • proximity--group nearby figures together • similarity--group figures that are similar • continuity--perceive continuous patterns • closure--fill in gaps • connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected • Simplicity – perceive objects in simplest forms
Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles • Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
Reification (Gestalt Property) • object is perceived as having more spatial information than is actually present in the original stimulus