Govt. of Tamilnadu Department of School Education Bridge Course 2011-2012 Class VIII -History

2. Govt. of TamilnaduDepartment of School EducationBridge Course 2011-2012Class VIII -History

3. Europeans in Tamilnadu • Coming of the Portuguese • Coming of the Dutch • Coming of the English • Coming of the Danes • Coming of the French

4. Coming of the Portuguese • Vasco-da-gamareachedCalicut on thewestern coast of India, in 1498 • Francisco-de-Almeida (1505-1509) • He wanted to maketheportuguese, the masters of Indian Ocean . This policy is knownas the “Blue Water Policy” • Alfonso de Albuquerque (1509-1515) • In 1510, he captured Goa which became their headquaters in India. • Why they are defeated

5. Coming of the Dutch • The Dutch traders came from Holland • Towns such as Karaikal, Pulicat and Nagapattinam on the East coast were captured by them • Why they are defeated

6. Coming of the English • The English East India Company was launched on 31st December 1600 to trade with india • In 1640, Fort St.George was made as their Headquarters in the East. • In 1654 Madras became the headquarters of all the British possessions in the East

7. Coming of the Danes • The Danish East India Company was established in 1616 in Denmark • Their merchants were not prominent • They lost their influence as well as interest

8. Coming of the French • The French East India Company was founded in the year 1664 • In 1701 Pondicherry became the headquarters • The French occupied Mahe on the Malabar coast in 1725 and Karaikalin 1739, from the Marathas of Tanjore .

9. Conclusion •  The English established their supremacy in Madras,Calcutta, and Bombay • This resulted in the outbreak of carnatic wars • English-French rivalry The first carnatic war(French won) The second carnatic war(British won) The third carnatic war(British won) • Success of English in tamilnadu • best co-operation among their governors • No one was able to compete with them • Super naval power • Private east India company

10. VIII Std HISTORY

11. FREEDOM STRUGGLE • Puli Thevan • Veerapandiya Kattabomman • Marudhu brothers • Vellore Mutiny 1806

12. PuliThevan

13. He is one of the earliest opponents of the British rule in South India • Nelkatumseval is chiefly memorable as having been in the eighteenth Century stronghold of the redoubtable Puli Thevar • Puli Thevan War in 1757 at Nelkatumseval

14. Veerapandiya Kattabomman

15. VeerapandiyaKattabomman • He was also known as Kattabomman was an 18th century Palayakarrar('Polygar') chieftain from Panchalankurichi of Tamil Nadu • He was born to JagaveeraKattabomman and Arumugattammal on January 3, 1760 and his brother was Oomaithurai • Kattabomman refused to pay his dues and for a long time refused to meet Jackson Durai • Kattabommanrefused to meet the Collector and a fight broke out. • Kayatharu, where Kattabomman was executed has remained a place of political pilgrimage.

16. Marudhu Brothers

17. Ramnad king to assign them to serve the Sivaganga state army • PeriyaMarudhu and ChinnaMarudhuruledSivagangai,Tamil Nadu towards the end of the 18th century • The Marudhu brothers were trained in native martial arts at Surankottai which traditionally served as a training centre for the Ramnad state army • MarudhuPandiyars Battles against the British • They were very great administrators • They were infamously hanged on October 24, 1801.

18. Vellore Mutiny 1806

19. Vellore Mutiny was the first instance of a Largescale and violentmutinyby Indiansepoys against the British • The sepoy dress code changed in November 1805. • Some revolting soldiers were sent to Fort St. George • There master plan for attack on british was defeated before commencement of war • Though it was subsided it made a revolution among the Indian kings

20. HISTORY

21. Social and Economic Conditions Under British • Zamindari system • Rywotari System • Mahalwari System

22. Zamindari system • Introduced in early British period • Zamindars collected the rents of land through different intermediate collectors. As a result of such practice there had been creation of multilevel ranks of collector under the Zamindar •  This revenue system accounted for 57 per cent of cultivated area in the country.

23. Rywotari System • The Rywotari system was introduced in Madras Presidency in 1792 and in Bombay Presidency in 1817-18 • The system covered nearly all the southern states and many western states of India • The Rywotari system covered nearly 38 per cent of the cultivated area in India

24. Mahalwari System • The Mahalwari system was introduced between 1840 and 1850 • In this system the entire village constituted revenue settlement as collective unit • This system is considered to be most convenient and appropriate instrument for social development. • The System was not extensive and included only 5 per cent of the cultivated land in India. 

25. Conclusion • Common people remained poor but Zamindars and mirasudars lived a lavished life • Village people cannot pay tax • so the british government constructed many dams and did irrigational facilities • But the main plan of british is to market their product • They are least bothered about Indian poverty

26. THE END