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Today’s quote:. "History is the memory of time, the life of the dead and the happiness of the living.". Jamestown. England’s first attempt to settle North America came in 1587. Sir Walter Raleigh establishes Roanoke Settlement
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Today’s quote: "History is the memory of time, the life of the dead and the happiness of the living."
England’s first attempt to settle North America came in 1587 • Sir Walter Raleigh establishes Roanoke Settlement • By 1590, the colony had disappeared, which is why it came to be known as the Lost Colony
The English tried again to establish a colony in 1607. They called it Jamestown. • Jamestown was funded by a joint-stock company • Joint-stock company = A group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from King James I. • The company was called the Virginia Company, from which the area around Jamestown took its name.
Unprepared Settlers cause the colony to almost fail • The colony only survived because Captain John Smith imposed harsh martial law. • His motto was, “He who will not work shall not eat.” • Things got so bad for the colonists that during the starving time(1609 and 1610), some resorted to cannibalism, while others abandoned the settlement to join Indian tribes
Without the help of a group of local tribes called the Powhatan Confederacy the colony would have failed . • Taught settlers how to farm and fish • In 1614, Pocahontas, the daughter of the chief, married planter John Rolfe, which helped ease tension between the natives and the settlers.
Jamestown is successful once John Rolfe introduced the cash crop of tobacco in 1611 • Tobacco was a huge success in England • Because the crop requires vast acreage and depletes the soil (and so requires farmers to constantly seek new fields), the prominent role of tobacco in Virginia’s economy resulted in rapid expansion.
As new settlements sprang up around Jamestown, the entire area came to be known as the Chesapeake (named after the bay). That area today is comprised mostly of Virginia and Maryland.
The Powhatan hoped that alliance with the English settlers would give them an advantage over enemy tribes. • The English forgot their debt to the Powhatan as soon as they needed more land to grow tobacco. • After numerous conflicts, the Powhatan Confederacy was eventually destroyed by English “Indian fighters” in 1644.
Indentured Servants Indentured servants became the first means to meet this need for labor. In return for free passage to Virginia, a laborer worked for 4-7 years in the fields before being granted freedom. The Crown rewarded planters with 50 acres of land for every inhabitant they brought to the New World.
Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750 Naturally, the colony began to expand. This expansion was soon challenged by the Native Americans (particularly the Powhatan)
American democracy got an early start in the Chesapeake. • In 1619, Virginia established the House of Burgesses, in which any property-holding, white male could vote. • That year also marked the beginning of slavery in the colonies.
The Middle Colonies: New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware
Middle Colonies • What do the Middle Colonies look like? • River systems • Valleys – fertile soil • ”Bread basket" large farms - surplus food • diverse population • manufacturing • iron mines, glass, shipyards, and paper • Cities: New York and Philadelphia
New Netherland (becomes New York) is first established by the Dutch • 1609: Henry Hudson sailing for Dutch East India Company sails into Hudson river looking for passage through continent ~ claims area for Dutch • “Bought” Manhattan from Indians
English immigration to New Netherland resulted in 1/2 its total population • The English regarded Dutch as intruders • New York was a royal gift to James, the King’s brother (aka Duke of York) • Thus, when the English invaded, the leader of the Dutch colony, Peter Stuyvesant, gave up without a fight. • Allowed to remain, the Dutch made up a large segment of New York’s population for many years.
New Jersey • James gave 2 friends, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, the section of New York located between the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1664 • He felt the territory of New York was too large to administer • Both proprietors allowed religious freedom and an assembly in addition to giving generous land offers to attract settlers Lord John Berkeley
Penn's Holy Experiment • Mid-1600s: religious dissenters named Quakers arose in England • Hated by authorities because they refused to pay taxes to Church of England, refused to take oaths, refused military service
William Penn, a Quaker, was a close friend of King Charles II, and Charles granted Penn what became Pennsylvania. • Charles II perceived the egalitarian Quakers as dangerous radicals & desired to export the Quakers to someplace far from England
Penn's Holy Experiment • Penn governs the colony • Advertised in Europe, promising land & freedoms • Frame of Government (guaranteed elected assembly), Charter of Liberties (freedom of worship, open immigration), fair treatment of Native Americans
Penn & Native Americans • Penn attempted to treat Native Americans more fairly than did other colonies. • Penn’s treatment of the Native Americans was so fair that Quakers went to them unarmed and even employed them as babysitters
Pennsylvania & Neighbors • However, as non-Quaker immigrants came, they were less tolerant of Indians (Scots-Irish) • Liberal features: elected assembly, no tax-supported church, freedom of worship, only 2 capital crimes
CHART: THIRTEEN COLONIES Colony/DatePerson ResponsibleWhy FoundedGoverned/Owner
