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Lesson 10

Lesson 10. Lecture Notes. Review. Why did Jewish identity change after emancipation? What are the three categories of Jewish identity that develop after emancipation? What are some things that caused Jews to feel estranged from their people? Why did some Jews convert to Christianity?.

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Lesson 10

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  1. Lesson 10 Lecture Notes

  2. Review • Why did Jewish identity change after emancipation? • What are the three categories of Jewish identity that develop after emancipation? • What are some things that caused Jews to feel estranged from their people? • Why did some Jews convert to Christianity?

  3. Jewish Identity Challenged and Redefined Part II

  4. “Hear, O Israel” • Primary Source Study (p.267-268, from the beginning to “German character and education” and from “Look at Yourselves in the mirror” to “like a greyhoud.” • Excerpt from article by Walter Rathenau (1867-1922) • Additional Questions • What is the title from? How does Rathenau use it? • What about Jews doesn’t Rathenau like? • Why would we call Rathenau a self-hating Jew?

  5. Jewishness as Unique Sensibility I • Gustav Landauer (1870-1919) • Grew up in a Jewish family • Studied philosophy, worked as journalist, translator and novelist • Arrested and imprisoned for civil disobedience • Outwardly, a German intellectual

  6. Jewishness as Unique Sensibility II • Estranged from religion, but not Judaism • Inspired by Martin Buber • Spiritual sensibility that is independent of doctrine and ritual prescriptions • “Jewishness is an Inalienable Spiritual Sensibility” (1913) • Jewish and German – complex person • Not a religious connection • Jewish character • Jewish features

  7. In Defiance of Anti-Semites I • Arthur Koestler (1905-1983) • Assimilated Jewish family • Zionist • Saw the need for a homeland because of anti-Semitism

  8. In Defiance of Anti-Semites II • “A Valedictory Message to the Jewish People” (1949) • Desire to return to Zion is at core of Judaism • Dilemma – now can return • Return to Israel or move on • No longer abandoning a suffering people

  9. Religious Faith I • Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) • Agnostic • Plans to convert • Has spiritual reawakening in a synagogue • Study as important to faith

  10. Religious Faith II • Lehrhaus • Inspired assimilated Jews to rediscover their roots • “Jewish Learning and the Return to Judaism” (1920) • An inner remembering • Study for connection and practice • Closed by Nazis • American schools based on Rosenzweig’s model

  11. “Holocaust Jew” I • Jean Amery (1912-1978) • Child of Catholic mother/Jewish father • Did not have a Jewish upbringing • Defined racially as a Jew by Nazis (Nuremberg Laws) • Survives Auschwitz

  12. “Holocaust Jew” II • Reflections of a ‘Holocaust Jew’ (1966) • “I cannot be one [a Jew]. And yet must be one.” • Identity is developed early and his was not a Jewish identity. But Nazis made him one. • Isolated, solitary Jew – not one with connection to generations of Jews

  13. Class Discussion • Do Asssimilationist and Affirmationist responses to identity still exist today? • How have you seen them exemplified? • Have some disappeared or become irrelevant? • Are there any identities that you would add to these categories?

  14. Next Class: • Read pages 302 - 371 • Special attention to documents #: 4, 8, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 25, and 26 • Think about: • Does Emancipation change anti-Semitism? • What is political anti-Semitism? • What is racial anti-Semitism? • Do either of these still exist today? If so, how?

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