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The Writing Process. Step #1 – Prewriting. Planning Explore topics : brainstorming, cluster diagrams, free writing, etc. Determine purpose : tell a story, describe, inform/explain, or persuade Determine audience : parents, teacher, friends, city council, etc.
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Step #1 – Prewriting • Planning • Explore topics: brainstorming, cluster diagrams, free writing, etc. • Determine purpose: tell a story, describe, inform/explain, or persuade • Determine audience: parents, teacher, friends, city council, etc. • Order ideas logically: time, importance/size, or spatial (location)
Step #2 – Drafting • Writing the rough draft • Turn ideas/notes into sentences and paragraphs: Keep prewriting notes handy & don’t worry about perfection
Step #3 – Revising • Reviewing and changing • Evaluate for clarity: Stick to my topic? Accomplish purpose? Keep audience in mind? Main idea clear? Enough detail? Too much? • Get a second opinion: Have peer reviewer evaluate writing and provide feedback
Step #3 – Revising (continued) • Make paragraphs effective: Main Idea? All sentences supporting topic sentence? • Details presented in logical order? Transitions used to connect sentences? Strong ending/concluding sentence? • Create Sentence Variety: vary sentence length (short and long); vary sentence beginnings (prep. phr. or adverb); combine related sentences (similar ideas); • Avoid rambling/run-on sentences and repetition; use specific, lively words
Step #4 – Editing/Proofreading • Final Adjustments • Check your sentences for errors: spelling, grammar, and punctuation • Use proofreading symbols
Step #5 – Publishing/Presenting • Sharing your writing • Make a good impression: Neat and legible? Typed or handwritten? • Reach your audience: report, advertisement, newspaper article, play, song, etc.