Chapter 11 Accommodation (Oku ve Gözden geçir)

1. Chapter 11Accommodation(Oku ve Gözden geçir)

2. This lecture will give you: • An opportunity to identify and assess the scope of the hospitality industry; • An understanding of the structure of the accommodation sector, the role of brands and the different ownership models that predominate;

3. This lecture will give you: • An overview of the sector’s historical development and the effect of this on today’s operation; and • An appreciation of the unique factors and key issues that dominate the sector today and that will influence its future development.

4. Introduction • Accommodation provides a support service for the wider motivation which has brought a visitor to a destination. • Accommodation is a necessary component within any destination that seeks to serve visitors other than day trippers.

5. Introduction • The diversity ranges from bed & breakfast facilities to the hotels that operate with a capacity to cater up to 5,000 guests. • Accommodation may range from a very basic, functional form, to extreme luxury and opulence (wealth).

6. Introduction • Ownership can be private and informal, or operated by major multinational chains. • Some facilities meet only basic needs of travelers, while some meets various requirements and motivations, such as business, conventions, leisure and pilgrimage.

7. Introduction • Accommodation plays an important role in the overall economic contribution made by tourism. • Demandfor accommodation is extremely volatileand accommodation providers adopt a flexible approach to pricing in order to maximise occupancy.

8. Types ofAccommodation Providers (1) Hotels • Most significant and visible sub-sector; • Major employer in the industry; • Dominated by small, family-run operations offering a variety of accommodation types; • Groups or chains of hotels account for about 10% of total accommodation; • The major chains continue to grow in terms of number of hotels and number of rooms;

9. Types ofAccommodation Providers (1) Hotels Ownership and management reflect the growing complexity. There are three major operating models; • Hotel companies may own and operate the hotel that are marketed under their name • The hotel may be operated and owned by a franchise partner • The hotel company may manage the property on behalf of owner – Hilton, Hyatt, Marriot

10. Classification of Hotels • http://www.slideshare.net/Shantimani/classification-of-hotels#btnPrevious

11. Types ofAccommodationProviders (2) • Guesthouses, bed and breakfasts, farmhouse accommodation, inns – provide limited facilities and food and beverage. • Self catering accommodation, apartments, cottages, sites– comprise accommodation, recreational facilities and food preparation facilities. • Campus accommodation – provides student accommodation during semesters and reasonably priced accommodation to tourists at other times.

12. Typesofaccommodation providers (3) • Time share– very popular in Mediterranean holiday resorts, this provides the opportunity to own an apartment for a week or two per year. • Youth accommodation– YHA and backpackers’ accommodation. This is very popular in Australia where backpackers form approximately 10% of all international tourists.

13. Types of accommodation providers (4) • Camping and caravan sites– ranging from basic fields with few amenities to sophisticated resorts. • Medical facility accommodation– providing accommodation for the increasingly important medical tourism industry. • Cruise liners and ferries/Trains and aircraft– increasingly viewed as a threat to the more traditional accommodation providers.

14. The distinctivenature of accommodation • Accommodation is distinct from other industries in three areas: • It comprises both tangible (product) and intangible (service) factors; • The production and consumption of accommodation is inseparable and the guest must be present at both production and consumption; • Accommodation is highly perishable and cannot be stored for future sale.

15. The management ofcommercial accommodation • Two fairly unique aspectsof accommodation management are: • Overbooking– the act of selling more rooms than are available as a means of ensuring all rooms are occupied; • Yield management– aims to maximise revenue by selling rooms to particular markets at the best price.

16. Sectoral overlap • Many operations provide a range of products and services in addition to accommodation. • For example a resort may include a casino, a golf course, a range of food and beverage facilities and even retail outlets. • However some accommodation providers exist in relative isolation, e.g. budget hotels, self catering cottages and campsites. • An important trend in accommodation provision is the separation of accommodation from other products, e.g. the popularity of budget hotels.

17. Quality issues and grading • The heterogeneity of accommodation makes meaningful comparisons difficult. • Grading is undertaken by either the national tourist board or the regional automobile association. • Accommodation is either Classified (i.e. type of property) or Graded (i.e. quality of provision).

18. Quality issues and grading • The assessment of the quality of accommodation is peculiar to the host country. • At best, the grading of an accommodation provider will present a guide to national standards. • New categories of accommodation providers (e.g. Boutique hotels and budget hotels) have further complicated the grading process.

19. Budget accommodation • In response to customer demand, hotel chains have been developing Budget Accommodation. • Located in cities near major roads or at airports, a budget hotel will provide a quality room with private facilities, but with limited service provision. • Normally, such hotels will not have any food and beverage outlets.

20. The accommodationsector and environmental issues (1) • Water use- much of the water used by tourists is within accommodation units. However in certain areas, the maintenance of gardens and golf courses can have a significant impact on other industries. • Energy use– Any reduction in the use of energy will have financial as well as environmental benefits.

21. The accommodationsector and environmental issues (2) • Recycling – Accommodation providers can assist in this area by the re-use of paper and plastics, the avoidance of disposable products and the replacement of individual shampoo sachets(bags) with dispensers. • Waste disposal– accommodation providers are becoming more aware of the effective disposal of the large amounts of waste they produce.

22. Information technologyand the accommodation sector • Accommodation providers are increasingly influenced by developments in the IT sector at two levels: • Unit level– technology used as a tool to effectively manage physical, human and financial resources; • Macro level– technology used as a tool to manage global reservation systems.

23. Human resourcesand the accommodation sector • The provision of accommodation is very labour intensive. • The effective management of human resources continues to form a major focus of accommodation providers. • Accommodation provides employment opportunities for people with a wide variety of skills and aptitudes (abilities).

24. Conclusion • Accommodation is an important aspect of the wider tourism provision. • Comprises an extreme variety of providers. • Distinctive nature of accommodation provision – intangibility, inseparability and perishability. • Overbooking and yield management. • Issues concerning classification and grading. • Environmental, information technology and human resource issues.

25. End of Chapter Slides