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Babesia microti

Babesia microti. Ross Boreen and Ellyn Krieg. What is Babesia ?. Definitive Hosts: Ixodes scapularis (Deer Ticks) Intermediate Host: White footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus ), deer, humans Found in the U.S. in the Northeast and Midwest

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Babesia microti

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  1. Babesiamicroti Ross Boreen and Ellyn Krieg

  2. What is Babesia? • Definitive Hosts: Ixodesscapularis(Deer Ticks) • Intermediate Host: White footed mouse (Peromyscusleucopus), deer, humans • Found in the U.S. in the Northeast and Midwest • Several different species but we will be focusing on Babesiamicroti

  3. Interesting Facts • Can be co-infected with Lyme’s Disease and Babesia at the same time • Similar structure to malaria so misdiagnosis can occur • Prior to 1969 human cases were rare since then has been increasing in prevalence • In 2009 a record number of 31 babesiosis cases were reported

  4. Life Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOakxoorjoQ

  5. Life cycle continued • A Babesia-infected tick bites a mouse and sporozoites enter the mouse’s red blood cycles. • The sporozoites become trophozoites and undergo asexual reproduction (merogony) to produce merozoites. • In the RBC’s the merozoites can become male and female gametes. • Another tick then ingests these gametes when it bites the infected host. • The gametes are fertilized in the gut of the tick and the resulting ookinetes enters the salivary gland. • The ookinetes then mature into sporozoites. • The tick can then bite a human and introduce the sporozoites into human erythrocytes. • Inside of the erythrocytes they become trophozoites again and undergo asexual reproduction.

  6. Transmission • Cannot transfer from humans to humans by tick bites only from blood transfusions • 159 cases reported from blood transfusions between 1979 and 2009 • More than 75% of the cases occurred between 2000-2009 • Mainly in Midwest and Northeast • This makes humans a dead end host • Can be passed from mouse to mouse by tick bite or mouse to human by tick bite

  7. Symptoms • Most cases asymptomatic! • Symptomatic patients can have fever, headache, nausea, sweats – closely resembles malaria symptoms • Unlike malaria people with sickle cell can still get it • Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in severe cases • RBC fragments can block capillaries in liver, kidneys, and CNS • Immunocompromised and splenectomy patients often have more severe disease • Complications include acute respiratory failure, congestive heart failure, and renal failure

  8. Diagnosis • Giemsa-stained blood smear although a lot of times there is a low parasite count present • Antibody detection: Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for donated blood and low parasite count cases • Also can help differentiate between Plasmodium and Babesia if questionable

  9. Treatment • Clindamycin plus quinine or atovaquone plus azithromycin • Exchange transfusions for very ill patients

  10. Control • DEET • Long, tight clothing when hiking or in areas with lots of brush • Tuck pant legs into boots • Walk on clear trails and avoid leaf litter and overgrown grass where ticks like to be • Do tick checks after being outdoors and remove them right away • Need to be attached 24-36 hours before transmit parasite

  11. Proper Tick Removal • When tick is found embedded in the skin, use a fine pointed tweezers at the point of attachment • Using slow, steady, and firm traction pull the tick straight out, some recommend twisting while pulling • Cleanse skin with soap and water • Place tick in alcohol. • If part of tick remains remove like splinter or leave alone. • DO NOT burn the tick • DO NOT squeeze the tick abdomen, it may inject more potential pathogens.

  12. Review • What are some of the symptoms of Babesia? • Babesia has a similar structure to which other parasite? • What kinds of reproduction can Babesia undergo? • Where is Babesia found?

  13. References • http://vetmedicine.about.com/od/parasites/ht/HT_removetick.htm • http://dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Babesiosis.htm • http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/Babesiamicroti.html • http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/newsletters/dcn/sum09/babesiosis.html

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