Module 06

1. Module 06 The Skills

2. What’s Inside • Reading skills in ESP • Listening to monologue • Listening and speaking skills in ESP • Speaking monologue • Writing skills in ESP

3. Reading skills in ESP - Text as a Linguistic Object (TALO) - Text as a Vehicle of Information (TAVI) (Johns and Davies, 1983)

4. The reading component of ESP requires a balance between skills and language development: • Selecting what is relevant for the current purpose • Using all the features of the text such as headings, layout, typeface • Skimming for content and meaning

5. Scanning for specifics • Identifying organisational patterns • Understanding relations within a sentence and between sentences • Using cohesive and discourse markers • Predicting, inferring and guessing

6. Identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and examples • Processing and evaluating the information during reading • Transferring or using the information while or after reading (Alderson, 1984)

7. Listening to monologue Features of monologue: • Phonology • Speed of delivery • Real time processing • Note-taking in real time • Deducing the speaker’s attitude • The teaching of listening comprehension

8. Listening and speaking skills in ESP Spoken Interaction in EAP and AOP: - Active listening - Questioning - One to one spoken interactions - Multi person spoken interactions

9. Speaking monologue Key features of oral presentations • Structuring • Voice work • Advance signalling or signposts

10. Writing skills in ESP Teaching writing: a) The product approach b) The process approach c) The social-constructionist approach d) A synthesis of approach

11. Module 07 The Skills

12. What’s Inside • Reading skills in ESP • Listening to monologue • Listening and speaking skills in ESP • Speaking monologue • Writing skills in ESP

13. Reading skills in ESP Designing and teaching reading courses • Selecting texts • Using the information that has been gathered • Extracting and recoding information

14. Listening to monologue Micro skills and language (Richards 1983): • Identify the purpose and scope of monologue • Identify the topic of lecture and follow topic development • Recognise the role of discourse maker

15. Recognize key lexical items related to subject/topic • Deduce meanings of words from context • Recognize function or intonation to signal information structure (ex. Pitch, volume, pace, key)

16. Listening and speaking skills in ESP Teaching listening and speaking skills: Speaking activities : provide a scenario for interaction whereas learners might find it helpful to consider first what the features of a successful interaction would be.

17. Listening Activities: (in EAP) note-taking and showing understanding by answering questions on the content Showing understanding is achieved through the use of paraphrasing, summarising and questioning. (listening): fill in the blanks, take notes and answer comprehension questions.

18. Speaking monologue mostly teaching of oral presentations in EAP occurs in English-medium situations with some examples.

19. Writing skills in ESP What is involved in writing: - planning - drafting - revising