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Ch. 1, Section 1 – The Nature of Science

Ch. 1, Section 1 – The Nature of Science. I. Problem Solving. A. Problems vs. Exercises. Problem: A question about something that has no easy or obvious answer. . Ozone Hole Animation. Exercise: A question that has obvious steps to find answer. . B. Ways to Solve Problems….

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Ch. 1, Section 1 – The Nature of Science

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  1. Ch. 1, Section 1 – The Nature of Science I. Problem Solving A. Problems vs. Exercises • Problem: A question about something that has no easy or obvious answer. Ozone Hole Animation • Exercise: A question that has obvious steps to find answer.

  2. B. Ways to Solve Problems… 1. Predict solutions and try them (retrace steps) • Look for patterns and make predictions • (always late for class) • develop a model – • an idea, system, or • structure that represents • the problem. • (planes in wind tunnels) • Break down the problem • into • smaller • problems. • (saving the earth) [The 16-foot wind tunnel at Ames Research Center]

  3. C. Scientific Problem Solving • There are certain steps to solving problems in science (scientific method) • State the problem: observe something in nature • and ask “why?” (observation-use senses to gather information) • Hypothesis: predictions that can be tested c. Experiment: testing predictions made (analyze results) • theory: making an explanation based on observations • (draw conclusions) HMMMMM... • scientific law: “rule of nature” proven many times to • be true

  4. Scientific Method

  5. 3. Experimentation a. Experiment: Organized procedure for testing a hypothesis b. What is needed to perform experiments: 1. Control: A standard for comparison 2. Constants: Unchanging factors 3. Variables: changing factors a. Independent Variable: adjusted in experiment (x) • Dependent Variable: depends on value of • independent (y)

  6. II. Graphing A. Bar Graphs: Used for comparing objects (like hair colors) B. Circle (Pie) Graphs: Used to represent parts of a whole (percents) C. Line Graphs: Used to show trends or changes over time (stocks)

  7. III. Standards of measurement A. Standard—an exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison. B. Metric System: System of measurement based on multiples of 10; used worldwide; uses prefixes when converting [kilo-(k) hecto-(h) deka-(dk) BASE- deci-(d) centi-(c) milli-(m)] • C. In science, we now use an improved version of the metric system called “International System of Units” or SI units. • --SI comes from the French Le SystemeInternationaled’Unites B-d, B-d, B-d, That’s All Folks!!

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