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INTRODUCTION TO DENSITY

INTRODUCTION TO DENSITY. DENSITY is the measurement of the mass of an object per unit volume of that object. d = m / V DENSITY is usually measured in g/mL or g/cm 3 for solids, liquids and gases. Volume may be measured in the lab using a graduated cylinder or calculated using:

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INTRODUCTION TO DENSITY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO DENSITY • DENSITY is the measurement of the mass of an object per unit volume of that object. d = m / V • DENSITY is usually measured in g/mL or g/cm3 for solids, liquids and gases. • Volume may be measured in the lab using a graduated cylinder or calculated using: Volume of box = length x width x height Volume of cylinder = pr2h Volume of sphere = 4/3 pr3 • REMEMBER: 1 mL = 1 cc =1 cm3

  2. How to measure the density of an irregularly-shaped solid in the laboratory • Determine the mass of the object. • Obtain a clean graduated cylinder. • Fill the graduated cylinder with enough water to cover the object. Record the volume (Vinitial). • Carefully place the object into the graduated cylinder. • Record the new water level (Vfinal). • The volume of the object is Vfinal – Vinitial • Divide the mass of the object by its volume to determine the density.

  3. Density problems • Example: An object has a mass of 50.0 g and occupies a volume of 52.0 mL. What is its density? d = m / V = 50.0 g / 52.0 mL = 0.98 g/mL • Example: A cylindrical piece of metal is 5.16 cm high and has a diameter 17.0 mm wide and weighs 31.599 g. Identify the metal. V=pr2h = p(1.70 cm/2)2* (5.16 cm) =11.7 cm3 D = m/V = 31.599 g / 11.7 mL = 2.70 g/mL Consulting the list of densities, the metal is aluminum.

  4. Practice Problems #3 on density 15.9 mL Show all of your work on the back. Use scientific notation when necessary and always given your answers with the appropriate significant figures. • ___________ 1. Calculate the volume, in microliters, of a cylinder that is 32.42 mm long with a diameter of 0.0789 cm. •  ___________ 2. Calculate the density of a solution if 45.0 mL of the solution weighs 7.12 x 10-2 kg. •  ___________ 3. The Hope diamond weighs 45.52 carats and has a density of 3.51 g/cm3. What is the volume of this diamond? (1 carat = 200 mg) •  ___________ 4. A plastic material weighing 2.2 lb is shaped into a cylinder 13.5 cm in height and 6.8 cm in diameter. Will this object sink or float in water? •  ___________ 5. A student fills a 50.0 mL graduated cylinder with 25.0 mL of water, then places a spherical object weighing 54.367 g into the graduated cylinder. The new volume is 41.5 mL. Calculate the density of the object. 1.58 g/mL 2.59 cm3 2.0 g/cm3; sink 3.29 g/mL

  5. Group Study Problem #3 on Density Record your final answer on this sheet and show all of your work on the back. Use scientific notation when necessary and always given your answers with the appropriate significant figures. • ___________ 1. Calculate the volume, in liters, of a box that is 189 mm long by 6.75 cm wide by 7.88 in high. •  ___________ 2. Calculate the density of a liquid if 13.476 mL of the liquid has a mass of 1156. cg. •  ___________ 3. What volume of mercury will have a mass of 10.0 kg if it has a density of 13.6 g/ml? •  ___________ 4. What is the density (in g/ml) of a substance that weighs 2.672 lb. and occupies a volume of 7.98 qt. •  ___________ 5. The mass of an irregular shaped object was measured to be 76.58 g. A student fills a 50.0 mL graduated cylinder with 20.0 mL of water, then places the object into the graduated cylinder. The new volume is 37.5 mL. Calculate the density of the object.

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