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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. The respiratory system consists of the lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs. Out with the bad air; in with the good. Your body needs a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from the foods you eat.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of the lungs, throat, and passageways that lead to the lungs

  2. Out with the bad air; in with the good • Your body needs a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from the foods you eat. • The air you breathe is a mixture of several gases, one of these gases is oxygen • When you breathe, your body takes in air and absorbs the oxygen • Then carbon dioxide from your body is added to the air, and the stale air is exhaled.

  3. Respiration • Respiration is the entire process by which a body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water • Respiration is divided into two parts: • Breathing, which involves inhaling and exhaling • Cellular respiration, which involves the chemical reactions that release energy from food

  4. 1 - nasal cavity2 - pharynx (throat)3 - (blue) alveoli or air sacs4 - (yellow) bronchioles5 - (pink) lung6 - (red) diaphragm7 - nostril8 - (orange) larynx or voice box9 - (green) trachea10 - (light green) bronchus

  5. Parts of the Respiratory System • Nose • Your nose is the primary passageway into and out of the respiratory system. • Air is inhaled through the nose, where it comes into contact with warm, moist surfaces • Air can also enter and leave through the mouth

  6. Pharynx • From the nose, air flows into the pharynx or throat • In addition to air, food and drink also travel through the pharynx on the way to the stomach • The pharynx branches into two tubes • One tube leads to the stomach and is called the esophagus • The other tube leads to the lungs and is called the larynx

  7. Larynx • The larynx, or voice box, contain the vocal cords. • The vocal cords are a pair of elastic bands that are stretched across the opening of the larynx • When air flows between the vocal cords, they vibrate and make sound.

  8. Trachea • The larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea , or windpipe. • The trachea is the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs. • Bronchi • The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi. • One bronchus goes to each lung and branches into thousands of tiny tubes called bronchioles.

  9. A close-up of the air sacs, which are located at the ends of the bronchioles.  Each "air sac" is comprised of a cluster of alveoli.  The red structures represent blood vessels leading to & from the air sacs.

  10. Lungs • Your body has two large sponge-like lungs. • In the lungs, each bronchiole branches to form thousands of tiny sacs called alveoli. • Capillaries surround each alveolus.

  11. The wall of an alveolus is only one cell thick.  This allows gases to diffuse into & out of the alveoli. • The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged between the lungs & the blood.  Oxygen in the alveolus can diffuse into the bloodstream (& be transported throughout the body) and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream can enter the alveoli (& then be exhaled).

  12. How Do You Breathe? • When you breathe, air is sucked in or forced out of your lungs • Breathing is done by rib muscles and the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle underneath the lungs • When the diaphragm contracts and moves down, it increases the chest cavity’s volume • At the same time, some of your rib muscles contract and lift your rib cage, causing it to expand

  13. Oxygen diffuses inside cells, where it is used in cellular respiration • During cellular respiration, oxygen is used to release energy stored in molecules of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and carbon dioxide and water • The carbon dioxide and water leave the cell and return to the bloodstream • The carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs and exhaled

  14. Respiratory Disorders • There are many types of respiratory disorders, including: • Asthma • Bronchitis • Pneumonia • emphysema

  15. Asthma • In asthma, irritants cause tissue around the bronchioles to constrict and secrete large amounts of mucus. • As the bronchiole tubes get narrower, the person has difficulty breathing

  16. Bronchitis and Pneumonia • Bronchitis can develop when something irritates the lining of the bronchioles • Pneumonia is caused by bacteria or viruses that grow inside the bronchioles and alveoli and cause them to become inflamed and filled with fluid • If the alveoli are filled with too much fluid, the person may suffocate.

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