Clothing Management

Clothing Management Unit 2 Textiles Tonja Bolding Lakeside High School Revised 2010

Unit 2 terms blends – in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers into one yarn exports – products sent out of a country to other countries fiber – a basic unit from which fabric is made grain – direction that yarns run in woven fabric imports – products and goods that come into a country from a foreign country knitted fabrics – fabric made by looping yarns together manufactured fibers – fibers not found in nature natural fibers – a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals nonwoven fabric – fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or adhesive

piece dyeing – the process of dyeing in which color is added after the fabric has been made, the most common method of dyeing and generally the least expensive ply yarns – yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns together printing fabrics – transfer of color to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern selvage – side edges of a woven fabric, running in the direction of the lengthwise grain; formed by the filling yarns as they are turned to go back across the warp yarns; very strong and will not ravel. sweatshop – a manufacturing plant that may use child labor, pay less than minimum wages, no pay overtime, or have unclean or unsafe facilities warp yarns – the longer yarns that run the length of the fabric weft yarns – crosswise yarns in fabric; also known as filling yarns woven fabric – made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns yarn – fibers twisted together or laid side by side

2.1 List ways textiles are used • apparel • clothing • accessories • home furnishings • upholstery • bedding • industry • football turf • insulation • medical • artificial hearts • disposable garments • transportation • tire treads • boat sails

2.2 Identify the sources and characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Natural Fibers(a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals) • Cotton, linen, wool, and silk are the most common natural fibers. • Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and the growing conditions. • They have unique characteristics that cannot be copied by science.

Examples of Natural Fibers • Cotton comes from the cotton plant. • Advantages: strong, launders well, inexpensive, comfortable, wide variety of uses • Disadvantages: shrinks in hot water, mildews if out in damp storage, wrinkles easily • Uses: outwear, underwear, home furnishings

Linen is made from the flax plant. Advantages: strongest of natural fibers, durable, lint free, stands high temperatures Disadvantages: expensive, wrinkles easy unless treated, has color loss Uses: clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) home furnishings (draperies, tablecloths) linen fabric Egyptian flax

Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs. Advantages: warmest of all fibers, wrinkle resistant, durable, combines with other fibers successfully Disadvantages: expensive, shrink and mat when moisture applied, absorbs odors Uses: clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home furnishings (blankets, rugs, upholstery)

Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms cocoon. Advantages: strong but lightweight, soil resistant Disadvantages: dry-cleaning, yellows with age, expensive Uses: clothing (wedding dresses, blouses) home furnishings (lampshades, wall hangings)

Specialty Hair Fibers camel’s hair angora goat alpaca guanaco cashmere goat llama vicuna

Manufactured Fibers(fibers not found in nature) • They surround you. They are in your clothes, on your furniture, at your school, and in your car. • They are found in blends(in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers into one yarn) with natural fibers.

Rayon is very much like cotton. • Advantages: drapes well, comfortable, soft, inexpensive • Disadvantages: weak when wet, stretches, will mildew • Uses: blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding In 1910, rayon was the first manufactured fiber.

Nylon was introduced as a “miracle fiber” in 1939. • Advantages: lightweight, strong and durable, dries quickly, retains shape, easy care • Disadvantages: damaged by sun, surface pills, heat sensitive • Uses: casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers

Polyester is very versatile. Almost any appearance and texture can be achieved. • Advantages: easy care, resistant to wrinkles, strong/durable, easy to dye • Disadvantages: takes oily stains, low absorbency, static buildup • Uses: underwear, carpets, children’s wear

Acrylic is often used as a replacement for wool. It is soft, warm and lightweight. • Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists sunlight, chemicals and wrinkles • Disadvantages-pills, static electricity • Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets

Spandex is elastic like rubber • Advantages: very elastic, smooth, lightweight, easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration • Disadvantages: yellows with age, heat sensitive, harmed by bleach • Use: swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear

Fabric • Fibers(a basic unit from which fabric is made) are usually twisted together to form a yarn(fibers twisted together or laid side by side) • The strength and thickness depend on the ply yarns (yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns together) • Basic fabric construction: • nonwoven fabric (fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or adhesive) • woven fabric(made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns) • knitted fabric(fabric made by looping yarns together)

2.3 List types of weaves and knits Weaves • plain weave is made by passing a filling yarn over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn. Over one under one pattern. • muslin • twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the other direction. • denim • satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one direction over four or more yarns from the other direction then under one yarn. • satin fabric

Characteristics of a Woven Fabric Woven fabrics have…. • grain(direction that yarns run in woven fabric) • selvage(side edges of a woven fabric, running in the direction of the lengthwise grain; formed by the filling yarns as they are turned to go back across the warp yarns; very strong and will not ravel) • warp yarns (the longer yarns that run the length of the fabric) • weft yarns (crosswise yarns in fabric; also known as filling yarns) WEFT GRAIN WARP SELVAGE SELVAGE

Knits • weft knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise direction of the fabric. • T-shirts • hosiery • warp knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made by one or more sets of warps yarns. • Tricot jersey • lace

2.4 Name processes for piece dyeing and printing fabrics Dyeing Fabric • Piece dyeing is the process of dyeing in which color is added after the fabric has been made; most common method and least expensive Printing Fabric(transfer of color to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern) • In roller printing the design is etched on copper rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each color. • In rotary screen printing, the design is transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen. There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is forced through a pattern of holes in each screen. This is one of the newest and fasting printing methods.

2.5 Define laws and regulations related to clothing and textiles industry • The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are in the textile. • The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing (except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and detailed instructions for care and maintenance. • The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability standards for household textiles and apparel.

exports – products sent out of a country to other countries imports – products and goods that come into a country from a foreign country sweatshop – a manufacturing plant that may use child labor, pay less than minimum wages, no pay overtime, or have unclean or unsafe facilities

Clothing Management