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Assessing Vulnerability of Food System in Rohini-Tinau-Banaganga (RTB) basins in Nepal, Tarai

Assessing Vulnerability of Food System in Rohini-Tinau-Banaganga (RTB) basins in Nepal, Tarai Nepal Water Conservation Foundation 2005, Kathmandu. North-Central IG plains. Physiography. Interdependent Water Systems. Administrative Map. Source. Rohini. Income (Rs). Per cent.

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Assessing Vulnerability of Food System in Rohini-Tinau-Banaganga (RTB) basins in Nepal, Tarai

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  1. Assessing Vulnerability of Food System in Rohini-Tinau-Banaganga (RTB) basins in Nepal, Tarai Nepal Water Conservation Foundation 2005, Kathmandu

  2. North-Central IG plains

  3. Physiography

  4. Interdependent Water Systems

  5. Administrative Map

  6. Source Rohini Income (Rs) Per cent Agriculture 14,065 13.9 Livestock 6,732 6.7 Service 28,007 27.7 Trade/Business 2,694 2.7 Cottage Industry 1,001 1.0 Others 48,589 48.0 Total 1,01,080 100 Average HouseholdsAnnual Income of

  7. Annual Expenditure Pattern (Rs/HH/) Nepal Item Rohini NRs % Cereal 22,790 40.8 Dal 3,161 5.7 Vegetables 343 0.6 Spices 1,004 1.8 Kerosene 783 1.4 Gas 234 0.4 Electricity 1,059 1.9 Communication 902 1.6 Transportation 3,141 5.6 Medicine 5,167 9.2 Education 4,305 7.7 Cloth 4,765 8.5 Agriculture wage 1,804 3.2 Other wages 635 1.1 Festivals 3,451 6.2 Others 2,340 4.3 Total 55,884 100

  8. Sites Selection • Close to mountains. Variation in the IG plain • Drained by rivers that originate in the Chure hills • Flood and bank cutting, water shortage in winter

  9. Perceived breadbasket but food deficit • Many irrigation systems (large and small, old and new) • Major people’s movement route between Bhairahawa and Gorakhpur • Movement of people for employment, trade and pilgrim • New settlements, mixed population of both Tarai and hill origin

  10. Transition region between the lower IGP and hills • Physical intervention has changed hydrological character of eastern part. Conventional water management approach not effective • Clearing of forest for settlement and East-West introduced transformation • Local industries and new livelihood opportunities.

  11. Since 1995, NWCF involved in local water management and local adaptation study. • Outputs : • Rethinking the mosaic, • Fluid mosaic, and • Livelihood resilience.

  12. Characteristics of Agricultural System of Nawalparasi District (an example) • Average family size of the sample households: 7.5 number per family • Average land holding size: 2.78 ha • Average cereal cropped area: 3.47 ha per household • Average cropping intensity in the study area: 1.25% (it is too low for Tarai district)

  13. Annual cereal food production: 7.35 metric ton per household • Per capita food production: 982 kg (high compared to national average) • Per capita agricultural income: Rs. 11,443.00 • Sugarcane, banana and seasonal vegetables are major cash crops • Dairy and goat farming is common and source of cash income for the majority of the farming households.

  14. Wide variation in the productivity and production of major cereals and cash crops. • Households along road heads sell milk, make good income.

  15. Few practice commercial farming • Annual income of the majority is low • Rice is major staple food for majority

  16. Food Self Sufficiency Status: • Disaggregated data for the districtnot available. Data for Western development region is as follows: • 54 per cent households produce sufficient food for the families and remaining 46 per cent households produce foods as follows:

  17. 22.5 per cent households produced food for >9 to<12 months • 12.5 per cent households produced food for >6 to<9 months • 8.8 per cent households produced food for >3 to<6 months • 2.5 per cent households produced food for <3 months period.

  18. Food insufficiency at household level: Determining Factors Reasons % households 1. Low productivity 23.3 2. Small land holding size 60.0 3. Lack of investment capital 6.7 4. Cultivation of cash crops 10.0

  19. Means of fulfilling food deficiency Means % Households 1. Purchasing 90.0 2. Borrowing 10.0

  20. From adaptive study: Another perspective Occupation Population on agriculture 36% Labor 16.3% Services and teaching 9.5%

  21. Household income • Agriculture about 14% • Other sources 48% • Service about 27%

  22. Migration About 36% have lived for more than 20 years. About 64% has migrated in the recent past.

  23. Preliminary Scenario • High complexity and undergoing transformation (water regime, production, market, community, employment, migration, and tourism// • Date on food scanty (regional level data exists) • Disjuncture between regional and local levels data and understanding • Seasonal water Scarcity • Pollution • Arsenic is an emerging threat impact on food systems ??

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