CHAPTER 7 The Adult in Society

1. CHAPTER 7The Adult in Society Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Section 2: The World of Work Section 3: The Later Years

2. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Objectives: • Summarize Daniel Levinson’s theory of adult male development. • Identify and describe the stages of adult female development.

3. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Three Stages of Adult Male Development • Early Adulthood – ages 17-39, involves entering the adult world, choosing a career, establishing oneself in society, and making and re-evaluating commitments • Middle Adulthood – ages 40-59, involves self-examination, reformulation of life goals, perhaps a midlife crisis, realization of one’s own mortality • Late Adulthood – 60 to 75+, involves transitions

4. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Phases of Adult Female Development • Phase 1: Leaving the Family – young women leave home, break from their parents, and form a life plan, with an emphasis on marriage over establishing a career. • Phase 2: Entering the Adult World – many women, often in their twenties, marry and have children. More than half combine work and motherhood. Others leave work, which limits later job opportunities.

5. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Phases of Adult Female Development (continued) • Phase 3: Entering the Adult World Again – many women, often in their early thirties, return to work after their children start school. They then pursue their career goals, similar to men in their twenties.

6. Section 2: The World of Work Objectives: • Describe how the nature of work in the United States has changed. • Explain how the composition of the labor force in the United States has changed.

7. Section 2: The World of Work Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force • Farming and Manufacturing – fell from 85 percent of the U.S. labor force in 1900 to 27 percent in 2000; most work now is in professions, office work, sales, and service jobs • Education – workers’ education level has increased; about 90 percent of workers aged 25 to 64 have high school diplomas; about one third have college degrees

8. Section 2: The World of Work Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force (continued) • Women – have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; now hold about half of all professional jobs • Minorities – have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; in particular Hispanics, who are the fastest growing group of American workers

9. Section 2: The World of Work Change in the Composition of the Labor Force • Increase in the number of women and minorities in the labor force • Better educated workforce • Changes in the type of work people do • Increase in career changes

10. Section 3: The Later Years Objectives: • Describe the characteristics of life during late adulthood. • Identify the new challenges that older Americans face.

11. Section 3: The Later Years Life During Late Adulthood • Young-Old – ages 65 to 74; issues related to the adjustment of retirement • Middle-Old – ages 75-84; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death • Old-Old – ages 85+; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death

12. Section 3: The Later Years New Challenges of Older Americans • Adjustment to retirement • Declining physical and mental functioning • Dealing with dependency and death