9 composition

1. 9 composition Vocabulary

2. 8/27 • Nouns: • Person: woman • Place: school • Thing: ball • Idea: enthusiasm • Common :: Proper: • Woman :: Suzanne • School :: American Preparatory Academy • Ball :: National Football League Regulation Size Football

3. A compound noun is one composed of at least 2 words (sometimes hyphenated). • Examples: • Mother-in-law • Board of members • Court-martial • Forget-me-not • Manservant

4. 9/10 • Pronouns—words that take the place of nouns. • [List of commonly used pronouns on pages 9-11] • Woman:: her • Ball:: it • School:: there

5. adjectives • Write 8-10 different words to describe this picture:

6. adjectives • Write 8-10 different words to describe this picture:

7. adjectives • Write 8-10 words to describe this picture:

8. Adjectives • Adjectives: • Modify a noun, which means to describe the word or to make its meaning more definite. • An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by answers one of these questions: • -What kind? • -Which one? • -How many? • Ex: • Gray sky • That girl • Five fingers

9. adjectives • Possessive Pronoun Adjectives: • My sister • Your book • Our team. • Their tents. • Proper Adjectives: Nouns that are used as adjectives • Texas chili • Jackson concert • Sioux warrior

10. adjectives • Articles: • A, an , the • A=used before a word with a consonant sound. • An=used before a word with a vowel sound. • A girl won. • This is an honor. • Identify the adjective(s) in the following sentences: • -The old, wet dog limped into the house after his long night in the storm. • -The child, usually happy and playful, was not feeling well after her first day of Elementary School.

11. verbs • Turn these words into sentences: • Cat • Pebbles • George Orwell • Students

12. verbs • A noun or pronoun must ACT in some way, or something must be said about it for it to be a part of a sentence. • Verb: A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement. • Action Verbs: • Do believe • Come know • Go understand • Write think

13. verbs • Action Verbs: • Transitive: A verb is transitive when the action it expresses is directed toward a person or thing named in the sentence: • Neil rang the bell. [The action of the word rang is directed toward the bell. The verb is transitive.] • Tina mailed the package. [The action of mailed is toward the word package. The verb is transitive.] • Words that receive the action of the verb are called objects • What are the objects in the above sentences?

14. verbs • Action Verbs: • Intransitive: A verb is intransitive when it expresses action (or helps make a statement) without reference to an object. • Last Saturday we stayed inside. [action not directed toward a noun] • The children laughed. [action not directed toward a noun] • The band marched past the crowd. [action not directed toward a noun] • Label each sentence, T=transitive; I=intransitive • Marcie studied her notes. • Marcie studied very late. • The poet wrote a sonnet. • The poet wrote carefully.

15. verbs • Linking/Helping Verbs: • Words that help link two words or make a statement. • **The most commonly used linking verbs are forms of the verb be. Reference the list on pages 19-20 for further reading.** • Examples: • The answer is three. [answer=three] • Rhonda will be the captain. [Rhonda=captain] • The casserole tasted strange. [strange casserole] • The worker looked tired. [tired worker]

16. Linking/helping verbs song • ____, ____, ______, _____, _____,_____, ____, • ______, ____, _____, _____, _____, ______, ____, • ______, _________, ______, _________, • _____________, _______, ________, ________

17. Verbs • Verbs have tenses: Past Participle has 2 functions: -Adjective: The car is heated. We had a heated argument -Part of a Verb: The stove has heated the room.

18. verbs • Verbs: helping verbs allow for a smoother, more grammatically correct sentence, they are placed in front of the main verb. • Ie: She will be helping at the market this weekend. • Common Helping Verbs:

19. Verbs practice • Complete the sentence with the correct for of the verb in parentheses: • 1.) Marcy (understand) the homework from last night. • 2.) Chris and Mike (help)at the fruit stand tomorrow. • 3.) You (help) tomorrow also. • 4.) How many baskets of fruit (sell) last week? • 5.) Make sure you (wear) sunscreen!

20. Verb Phrases • Verbs do not always stand alone. Often we combine linking verbs with action verbs to form verb phrases. • A “phrase” is two or more words serving as one part of speech; in this case, a “verb phrase” • Example: Consider the verb phrase in the following sentences: • We are running a race. • Sherri was not laughing at all. Awkward. • Michael and Dwight were always competing for the position of Regional Manager.

21. adverbs • An adverb is a word that is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • Adverbs answer these questions: • -Where? • When? • How? • To what extent? (How long or how much?) • Ie: • We lived there. I am completely happy. • May we go tomorrow? • She quickly agreed.

22. adverbs • Adverbs may precede or may follow the verbs they modify, and sometimes they may interrupt parts of the verb phrase. Adverbs may also introduce questions. • Ie: • Where in the world did you ever find that pink and purple necktie? • [the adverb where modifies the verb phrase did find. Notice, too, the adverb ever, which interrupts the verb phrase and also modifies it.] • Adverbs modifying adjective: • Beth did an exceptionally fine job. • What word is exceptionally modifying? • **Note: adverbs that modify adjectives usually end in –ly**

23. 10/8 Adverbs • An adverb describes HOW, WHEN, WHERE and TO WHAT EXTENT, an action happens. • 1.) What question does the adverb answer? • Christine quickly read the book. • 2.) Emma left early. • 3.) Lily and Ben play music together often. • 4.) George and Melissa live there.

24. 10/8 • The verb is highlighted in each sentence. Identify the adverb and the question it answers. • 1.) Mike and James skateboard often. • 2.) Christine practices yoga daily. • 3.) Margaret dances freely in the park. • 4.) The wind blows drearily through the valley. • 5.) She often leaves the house open at night. • 6.) I will read that book quickly. • 7.) He studies diligently. • 8.) She demonstrated integrity early in her career. • 9.) Yesterday I went to the grocery store.

25. Prepositions • Preposition: • A word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in the sentence. • There is a list of commonly used prepositions found on page 32-33. • To the mall • In the box • On the house • With the family.

26. conjunctions • Conjunction: • Joins words or groups of words. • Coordinating conjunctions: correlative conjunctions: • And both….and • But not only…but also • Or either…or • **Coordinating conjunctions always connect words of groups of words of the same kind. • **correlative conjunctions connect items of the same kind, however, they are always used in pairs.

27. interjections • Interjections: • An exclamatory word that expresses emotion. It has not grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. • Hey! • Wow! • Whew! • Ugh! • Well,

28. Prepositions • Prepositions: • Links nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other nouns in the sentence. • A preposition usually indicates the temporal, logical, or spatial relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. • The book is on the table. • --’on’ allows the reader to understand exactly where the book is in space. • The children climbed the mountain without fear. • There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.

29. prepositions • Identify what the underlined preposition does in the sentences below: • The spider crawled slowly along the banister. • The dog is hiding under the porch. • Now, identify the preposition in each sentence: • Steven took his math test with a bright green crayon. • The screenwriter searched for the manuscript. • The mouse ran quickly but quietly along the hallway’s edge. • There are many restaurants within the old city.

30. prepositional phrases • Preposition and the object of the preposition. • The dog hid under the porch. • ‘under’ is the preposition, to figure out the object of the preposition you must ask yourself, ‘under where?’ • Under the porch is the prepositional phrase. • you try: Identify the prepositional phrase. • She read the book during class. • She held the book over the table. • The book is on the table.

31. Complete sentences • In your everyday conversations, you might not use complete sentences, which is totally okay! • When you are writing, however, you should express your ideas in clear, complete sentences. • A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought. • A fragment is a piece of a sentence.

32. complete sentences • Dialogue: • Student A: “Sup” • Student B: “nothing, you?” • Student A: “Just getting ready to go to Ms. Daniell’s comp. class” • Student B: “Oh, sweet, me too, don’t forg…” • Student A: [interrupts]”Did you see that crazy catch last night? It was tight” • Student B: “Oh yea! So awesome” • Analyze: Do you know what these students are talking about?

33. Topic Sentences • A topic sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph. • Write a topic sentence to unite these details: • I love to experiment with new flavors and new recipes. • I like the challenge of using what I have in the fridge, without going to the store. • Cooking is a great way to relieve stress and clear the mind. • Sometimes the best thing after a long day is a well cooked meal.

34. Complete sentences • Thumbs up=complete thought (sentence) • Thumbs down=incomplete thought (fragment)—make it complete. • We looked into the room. • The room with the high ceiling. • The clerk was waiting by the door. • Waiting by the door. • After you have finished the test. • Who has finished the test?

35. Fragments/complete sentences • Make these fragments into complete sentences: • Chicken and rice. • From August to October. • The president of our club.

36. Complete sentences—Subjects and Predicates • A sentence consists of two parts: • Subject: something is being said—the topic of the sentence • Predicate: something is being said about the topic. • **The complete subject is the topic or main word and all of the words describing that word*** • Coyotes were howling in the distance. • The telephone in the lobby rang. • The woman in the red blouse is my aunt. • In dim light, will this camera take pictures? • On the table was a sliver vase. • Does Brian’s car have a CD player? • --green=complete subject.

37. Subjects • Now, on a piece of paper that you can turn in, identify the complete subject in the following lines. • 1. The Solar Maximum Mission satellite had made spectacular discoveries about solar flares. • 2. James van Hoften and George Nelson, American astronauts, were assigned to repair the ailing dock. • 3. A docking adapter on the front of his spacesuit failed to latch onto the special pin on the satellite. • 4. Van Hoften removed the panel covering the electronics box. • 5. Is the eighteen-foot-tall satellite still in orbit?

38. sentences—simple subjects • Simple Subject: main word or group of words in the complete subject. • --the simple subject is the one word topic that the sentence is all about. • Ex: • Their scientific discoveries made them famous. • Identify the subject: • Identify the simple subject: • The eloquent Martin Luther King Jr., made many fine speeches. • Complete subject: • Simple Subject:

39. sentences—simple predicates • Simple Predicate:The verb or verb phrase. • Ex: • Mark could have accidentally taken my book. • Complete predicate: • Simple predicate: • My aunt was sitting on the sofa. • Complete predicate: • Simple predicate: