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Nuts and Bolts of Writing

Nuts and Bolts of Writing. Ten Formulas to Increase Sentence Variety in Your Writing (and learn punctuation, too). Rule # 1 S.S and S;S. The simple sentences in your writing are separated by periods. I am Sally. I am in middle school. I have a cat. I love to read.

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Nuts and Bolts of Writing

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  1. Nuts and Bolts of Writing Ten Formulas to Increase Sentence Variety in Your Writing (and learn punctuation, too)

  2. Rule # 1 S.S and S;S • The simple sentences in your writing are separated by periods. • I am Sally. I am in middle school. I have a cat. I love to read. • If the sentences are closely related, use a semi-colon instead of a period. • I have a large family; I’m never alone.

  3. Rule # 2 S, conj S • When you combine two sentences of equal value, use a coordinating conjunction (and, but, yet, so, or, for, nor) and a comma. • I am Sally, and I am in middle school. • I have a cat, but I wish I had a dog. • I have two brothers, so I have to fight for my privacy.

  4. Rule #3 A,B,conj C • When you have multiple items in a series, use commas to separate all of the items but the last. Use a conjunction before the last one. • I have paper, pencils, notebooks, and books. • I have walked the dog, fed the cat, chased the mouse, and finished the cheese.

  5. Rule #4 A,B,C Noun • When describing something using several adjectives, separate all but the last from the noun with commas. • He was a tall, dark, handsome stranger. • I saw a creepy, wiggly, gooey worm.

  6. Rule #5 NP,App, • An appositive is a noun phrase that renames, defines, or describes the noun phrase in front of it. If it trades places, the IT becomes the noun phrase and the other becomes the appositive. • Sally, my best friend, is in middle school. • My best friend, Sally, is in middle school.

  7. Rule #6 LB,S • This is all about adverb clauses, also called subordinate clauses. When one is added to the beginning of a sentence, the adverb clause needs a comma after it. • When one is added to the beginning of a sentence, the adverb clause needs a comma after it. • When one is added AFTER the main sentence, it does NOT need any punctuation. • The adverb clause needs a comma after it when one is added to the beginning of a sentence.

  8. Rule #7 ,embed, • When an adverb clause (subordinate clause) is embedded within the simple sentence, it gets a comma on BOTH sides. • We will go, if the weather is nice, to the park on Sunday.

  9. Rule #8 S;sc,S • A special group of words is used to connect sentences and to connect their relationships. These are called “sentence connectors”. • Some common ones are: • However • Therefore • Nevertheless • Additionally • Subsequently • For example • Furthermore • On the other hand • Because • Since

  10. Sentence Connector Rule • Combine two related sentences with a semi-colon and a sentence connector. If the connector is MORE than two syllables (however) or MORE than one word (for example), follow it with a comma. • Sally is a middle school student; nevertheless, she is taking Algebra II.

  11. Rule #9 S;sc,S var • There is a variation (var) of the sentence connector rule. The sentence connector can be EMBEDDED (just like the subordinate clause). When it is, it gets commas on both sides. • Sally is a middle school student; she is, nevertheless, taking Algebra II.

  12. Rule #10 Cor S, Cor S • Correlatives (Cor) are conjunctions that come in pairs. There are four sets: • Either…or • Neither…nor • Not only…but also • Both…and • When they are used to combine PARTS of a sentence, they do not need punctuation. • You may eat either at home or at school.

  13. The Correlative Sentence • When two whole sentences are combined with a correlative pair, they must be separated with a comma. • Either go to your room, or do as I say. • Not only was I late to class, but I also forgot my homework. • Not only…but also is the most commonly used pair to combine sentences.

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