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Steel and Alloys

Steel and Alloys. Understand the structure and uses of alloys ALL – State what is meant by an alloy MOST – Describe how an allow is different from a pure metal SOME – Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various alloys. Starter Match the sentences.

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Steel and Alloys

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  1. Steel and Alloys Understand the structure and uses of alloys ALL – State what is meant by an alloy MOST – Describe how an allow is different from a pure metal SOME – Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various alloys Starter Match the sentences KEYWORDS: alloy, steel, copper, bronze

  2. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys What is an alloy? Most pure metals are not very useful. They must be mixed with other substances before they can be used to their full extent! A metal that contains another element is called an alloy. One of the most commonly used alloys is steel. Steel is a mixture of Iron and Carbon.

  3. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys What is an alloy?

  4. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys What is an alloy? http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/bronze-the-first-alloy/13749.html

  5. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys Practical: Molymods Aim: To model steel alloys using molymods Task: You will be given an alloy combination – a certain number of metal molecules and carbon molecules Your task is make the model as quickly as possible The metal and carbon atoms can be arranged in any way The first pod that makes the allow will be given a point The pod that has the most points after 5 rounds wins! You will have to work together as a pod to make sure that your pod wins!

  6. PRACTICE ROUND! 10 iron molecules 2 CARBON

  7. ROUND 1! 15 iron molecules 5 CARBON

  8. ROUND 2! 13 iron molecules 7 CARBON

  9. ROUND 3! 9 iron molecules 2 CARBON

  10. ROUND 4! 8 iron molecules 4 CARBON

  11. ROUND 5! 11 iron molecules 4 CARBON

  12. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys Alloys in everyday use • You will be working in groups of 3 on your pod • Each group will be given information on one type of alloy • Read the information on your hand out in silence • Underline any key bits of information

  13. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys Alloys in everyday use • Make an information sheet on your alloy • Your information sheet can have a maximum of 10 WORDS ON IT • YOU CAN USE AS MANY PICTURES, NUMBERS, DIAGRAMS AS YOU WANT • YOU WILL HAVE 15 MINS TO MAKE YOUR INFORMATION SHEET

  14. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys Alloys in everyday use 2 people from your group must now go and find out information about the other alloys! Make sure you make notes about the alloys that you can use to teach other people in your group! THE PERSON LEFT BEHIND SHOULD TELL PEOPLE WHO COME TO THE ‘STALL’ INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR ALLOY!

  15. LO: understand the structure and uses of alloys Alloys in everyday use • Use your own information sheet and the information that you have collected from the stalls to make a detailed leaflet about the four different types of alloy. Make sure your leaflet includes information on: • What the alloys are made from • What the alloys are commonly used for • What the alloy may be used for in the future

  16. KNOWLEDGE CHECK C Start Timer State the definition of an alloy 10 Minutes 10 State two common alloys and what the substances are that they are made of 8 B 6 4 Explain what a shape memory alloy is and what they are used for A 2 0

  17. Recap Answer the following questions in your books: What is the definition of an alloy? What is the alloy commonly made from iron and what is it a mixture of? What is special about a shape memory alloy? What metals are combined together to make Bronze? How is reinforced concrete made?

  18. Copper and Transition Metals Understand the extraction of copper ALL – State what is meant by a transition metal MOST – Describe how copper is extracted SOME – Explain why it is important to reuse and recycle copper KEYWORDS: Copper, electrolysis, smelting

  19. LO: understand the extraction of copper Transition metals The transition metals are a large group of elements in the middle of the periodic table. They conduct heat and are easily bent into shape and commonly used in construction.

  20. LO: understand the extraction of copper Copper Copper is one of the most widely used metals in the world. It is most commonly used in piping and electrical wires. Copper, however, is a very expensive metal to extract

  21. LO: understand the extraction of copper Smelting In the first part of the process, copper ore is heated in a furnace. This makes a substance called crude copper, which still contains a lot of impurities

  22. LO: understand the extraction of copper Electrolysis The impure copper is purified using electricity in a process called electrolysis. The impure copper separates and goes into the solution and attaches itself to the pure copper leaving the impurities behind as a sludge.

  23. LO: understand the extraction of copper Practical: Extracting Copper Practical: Extracting copper using electrolysis Method: Attach a wires to both side of an electrical cell Attach a crocodile clip to both wires Attach each crocodile clip to a graphite electrode Measure out 20cm³ of Copper Sulphate solution using a measuring cylinder Place this into a beaker Place the electrodes into the solution

  24. LO: understand the extraction of copper Future of copper Copper is widely used in electrical wires and is therefore in high demand. However, the amount available through quarrying is running out. In the future, new methods will be used to obtain copper. We will be learning about two of them.

  25. LO: understand the extraction of copper Phytomining Phytomining is the extraction of copper using plants. Plants absorb copper ions through their roots. These copper ions collect in the plants and become concentrated.

  26. LO: understand the extraction of copper Phytomining Phytomining is the extraction of copper using plants. When the plants are burnt, the copper ions combine with oxygen to form copper compounds in the left over ash.

  27. LO: understand the extraction of copper Phytomining Phytomining is the extraction of copper using plants. The copper compounds are dissolved and electrolysis is performed on the solution. This way, pure copper is extracted

  28. LO: understand the extraction of copper Task Cut out the sentences on phytomining and stick them into your books in the correct order. Draw a diagram to go with each sentence to show what is happening.

  29. LO: understand the extraction of copper Bioleaching Bioleaching involves using bacteria to extract copper. When certain bacteria are breaking down material, they will absorb copper compounds. The bacteria will then release these compounds, which are called leachates. The solutions are collected and electrolysis can be used to separate them to extract the copper.

  30. LO: understand the extraction of copper Task Copy out the sentences in the correct order: When certain bacteria are breaking down material, they will absorb copper compounds. Bioleaching involves using bacteria to extract copper. The solutions are collected and electrolysis can be used to separate them to extract the copper. The bacteria will then release these compounds, which are called leachates.

  31. LO: understand the extraction of copper Uses of Electrolysis Electrolysis is a very useful method and can be used to extract any metal that is more reactive than carbon. However, it is not used very often as it is very expensive!

  32. Aluminium and Titanium Understand the extraction of Aluminium and Titanium ALL – State some uses of Aluminium and Titanium MOST – Describe how Al And Ti are extracted SOME – Explain why Al and Ti are very expensive to extract KEYWORDS: Aluminium, Titanium, electrolysis

  33. LO: understand the extraction of copper Aluminium Aluminium is a very useful metal. It is light, easily shaped and does not react easily. However, it is above carbon in the reactivity series? Can aluminium be extracted using carbon?

  34. LO: understand the extraction of copper Aluminium As aluminium is ABOVE carbon in the reactivity series, it can’t be extracted using carbon as iron is. Another process called electrolysismust be used. In electrolysis, electricityis passed through molten aluminium oxideand it separates into aluminium and oxygen. Why do you think this is more expensive than using carbon?

  35. LO: understand the extraction of copper Task Re-using and recycling aluminium

  36. LO: understand the extraction of copper Titanium Titanium is also a very useful metal! It is light, extremely strong and corrosion resistant. It is below carbon on the reactivity series…

  37. LO: understand the extraction of copper Titanium Although titanium can be extracted using carbon, it isn’t extracted in this way. If carbon is used to extract titanium, it makes the titanium very brittle and practically useless.

  38. LO: understand the extraction of copper The Kroll process - 1 Titanium is extracted using a process called the Kroll process. In this process, the titanium oxide is first reacted with chlorine to turn it into titanium chloride.

  39. LO: understand the extraction of copper The Kroll process - 2 The titanium chloride is then reduced using either magnesium or sodium. This is done in an atmosphere of Argon. Argon is very unreactiveand so will not react with the Titanium as oxygen would!

  40. LO: understand the extraction of copper The Kroll process - 3 Magnesium and sodium are very reactive. They are obtained using electrolysis, which is an extremely expensive process. For this reason, titanium is very very expensive!

  41. LO: understand the extraction of copper Task Cut out the boxes and stick them into a flow chart like the one to the right. Extension: Explain why titanium is such an expensive process

  42. LO: understand the extraction of copper Plenary Answer the exam questions on titanium, aluminium and alloys

  43. LO: understand the extraction of copper Plenary Complete the wordsearch on the chemistry unit on metals that we have just completed

  44. Crude Oil and Fuels Understand the substances that can be used as fuels ALL – State some examples of fuels MOST – Describe how certain fuels are obtained SOME – Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using particular fuels KEYWORDS: Crude oil, Hydrogen, Bioethanol

  45. LO: understand the substances that can be used as fuels What is crude oil? Crude oil is a dark, smelly liquid which is a mixture of lots of different chemicals It is made through long term heat and pressure on dead biomass What is a mixture? Why is crude oil so Important?

  46. LO: understand the substances that can be used as fuels The uses of crude oil Crude oil can be refined through a process called fractional distillation The products of refinement include diesel, kerosene, petrol, butane and lots more…. Why are some people against The use of these fuels?

  47. LO: understand the substances that can be used as fuels The uses of crude oil http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/treatment-of-oil-spills/13173.html

  48. LO: understand the substances that can be used as fuels Alternatives

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