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ENERGY & Enzymes

Explore the concept of energy and its role in chemical reactions, focusing on the importance of enzymes as catalysts. Learn about the Law of Conservation of Energy, states of matter, chemical reactions, and the factors that can denature proteins. Discover the transfer of energy in exergonic and endergonic reactions.

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ENERGY & Enzymes

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  1. ENERGY & Enzymes

  2. Essential Question What is ENERGY? Give an example.

  3. All living things use energy. • Make a list….. • The amount of energy in the • universe remains the same • over time.

  4. The Law of Conservation of Energy = Energy canNOT be created, nor destroyed, it can only change form.

  5. States of Matter The rate at which atoms or molecules move determines its state: 1. Solid 2. Liquid Particles tightly packed, move very slow. Particles loosely packed, move medium speed. * 3. Gas Particles far apart, move very fast.

  6. Definition = a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. • Slow (ex. iron + oxygen leading to rust) • Fast (ex. H-gas plus oxygen leading to an explosion) Chemical Reactions

  7. Reactants - shown on the left Products – shown on the right CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Chemical Reactions

  8. Activation Energy = the amount of energy needed to start a reaction. Vocabulary

  9. Vocabulary Catalyst = lowers the amount of activation energy that is needed for a chemical reaction to begin. • -

  10. Enzyme = a catalyst in living things that does not get changed by a reaction. It is made of protein. • Hint: Enzymes generally end in -ase(Ligase, primase, lactase) Vocabulary

  11. Special note on Enzymes • Enzymes are made of proteins. • They help speed up reactions and are UNCHANGED by the reaction. • If the shape of the enzyme changes it will NO LONGER WORK. Image from: http://www.cas.muohio.edu/~wilsonkg/old/gene2005/syllabus_F03_23.jpg

  12. When a proteins shape is changed, we call it denatured • Its not how you would naturally find it • Scrambled eggs…. Can’t go back • What can denature a protein? • Change in temperature (too hot, too cold) • Change in pH Denatured Proteins

  13. Enzyme Demonstration… Enzymes are proteins…. What happens to a protein when you cook it? What happens when you change the pH?

  14. Energy Transfer 1. Exergonic Reactions = release of energy 2. EndergonicReactions = absorption of energy

  15. Exergonic reaction: Products have less energy in bonds then the reactants Where does the energy go? Released as heat, light, or electricity Examples: Glow sticks, Hot hands (Exothermic)

  16. Endergonic reaction: Products have more energy in bonds then the reactants Energy is absorbed! Ex: Instant ice packs

  17. Animation: Summary of AE, Catalysts, and enzymes Video found at: http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/enzymes/enzymes.html Click Image

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