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Cloud Computing

This article provides a brief history of cloud computing, from its origins in the 1950s to its adoption by major companies in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The article also explains the different definitions of cloud computing and discusses its business and technology drivers, as well as its basic concepts and terminology. Finally, the article explores the goals, benefits, risks, and challenges associated with cloud computing.

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Cloud Computing

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  1. Cloud Computing CSCI 4145 Cloud Computing CSCI 5409 Advanced Topics in Cloud Computing Initial reference points http://cs.dal.ca/~fabbas/csci-4145 http://cs.dal.ca/~fabbas/csci-5409 Faisal Abbas fabbas@cs.dal.ca

  2. Origin and Influences • A Brief History • Time Sharing Driver - Cost • 1954 – John Backus Described • 1959 – John McCarthy Implemented • 1961 - John McCarthy Described - Utility Computing • 1970s – 1980s Cost reduction-Miniframes Driver – Cost • 1990-2000’s started Internet based Utilities Driver – Value • Search Engines (Yahoo!, Google) Email Services (Hotmail, Gmail) • Open Publishing ( Myspace, Facebook, YouTube) Social Media (Twitter, LinkedIn)

  3. Adoption • Late 1990s • Salesforce.com pioneered • Remotely Provisioned Services into enterprise • 2002 • Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) Platform 2006 - Term Cloud Computing was adopted • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) – Leasing 2009 – Google Apps Engine

  4. Cloud Computing ARPANET Network Cloud(s) Internet

  5. Term – Cloud Computing • Cloud as a Metaphor for Internet • 1996 – Compaq Computer - George Favaloro & Sean O’Sullivan coined “Cloud Computing” • 2006 – Google CEO Eric Schmidt “I don’t think people have really understood how big this opportunity really is. It starts with the premise that the data services and architecture should be on servers. We call it cloud computing—they should be in a “cloud” somewhere.”

  6. Definitions • Gartner • “…a style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet Technologies” • Forrester • “… a standardized IT capability (services, software, or infrastructure) delivered via Internet technologies in a pay-per-use, self service way.”

  7. NIST Definition (Most widely accepted) Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demandnetwork access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidlyprovisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. …”

  8. Business Drivers • Capacity Planning • Lead Strategy • Lag Strategy • Match Strategy • Cost Reduction • Capital Expense • Operating Overhead • Organizational Agility

  9. Technology Drivers • Technology Innovations • Clustering • Grid Computing • (Advanced) Virtualization • Enabling Technology • Broadband Network and Internet Architecture • Data Center Technology • (Modern) Virtualization Technology • Web Technology • Multitenant Technology • Service Technology

  10. Basic Concepts and Terminology • Cloud • Distinct IT Environment that is designed for the purpose of remotely provisioning scalable and measured IT resources (NOT The Internet) IT Resource • Physical Server Virtual Server • Software Program Service • Storage device Network device

  11. ..Basic Concepts and Terminology • On-Premise (IT Resource) • Conventional • Within Organizational Boundary • Can interact with cloud based IT Resource • Can be moved to cloud • Can be redundant deployment on both On-Premise and cloud-based • Cloud Consumers • Cloud Providers

  12. ..Basic Concepts and Terminology • Scaling • Horizontal Scaling – Scaling out and Scaling in • Add more • Complex to plan • Vertical Scaling – Scaling up and Scaling down • Use Better • Easy to plan

  13. ..Basic Concepts and Terminology • Cloud Service • IT Resource remotely accessible via cloud • Cloud Service Consumer • Temporary runtime role • Software program

  14. Goals and Benefits • Reduced Investment • On-demand access Pay as you go On a short-term basis • Proportional Costs • Proportional to Business Activity • Not necessary Less • Increased Scalability • Peak Usage • Increased Availability and Reliability

  15. Risk and Challenges • Increased Security Vulnerabilities • Reduced Operational Governance Control • SLA’s (Harder to manage) • Contractual Boundaries • Limited Portability between Cloud providers (Vendor Lock-in) • Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues • Geography • Legal Boundaries • Accessibility and Disclosure

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