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Chapter 10: Motion

Chapter 10: Motion. The BIG idea: The motion of an object can be described and predicted Key Concepts: 10.1: An object in motion changes position 10.2: Speed measures how fast position changes 10.3: Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes. While I check your HW:. Turn to page 309

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Chapter 10: Motion

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  1. Chapter 10: Motion The BIG idea: The motion of an object can be described and predicted Key Concepts: 10.1: An object in motion changes position 10.2: Speed measures how fast position changes 10.3: Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes

  2. While I check your HW: • Turn to page 309 • On a “small” (not too small) piece of paper please select the unit project you would like to work on…

  3. Chapter 10: Motion • 10.1 An object in motion changes position • 10.2 Speed measures how fast position changes • 10.3 Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes

  4. 10.1 An object in motion changes position • Section Concepts: • How to describe an object’s position • How to describe an object’s motion • Give directions to an object in the classroom… • What kinds of information must you give another person when you are trying to describe a location? • Compare the location of the object with the location of another object or place

  5. Position describes the location of an object • Position – the location of a place or object • Often described by comparing an objects position with where you currently are • You need to discuss two locations to describe the position of an object – to compare

  6. Describing a position • Reference point – a location to which you compare other locations • Points on a graph • Latitude: how many degrees north or south a location is from the equator • Longitude: how many degrees east or west a location is from the prime meridian

  7. Measuring distance • The actual distance traveled depends on the path taken, not just the distance from point A to point B • The standard unit of length is the meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft) • Also useful: kilometers (1000 m = 1 km) centimeters (1 m = 100 cm)

  8. Motion is change in position • Motion – the change of position over time Horizontal Vertical • (p. 315) A change in position is evidence that motion happened • How does the picture show time passing? • it shows the jumper in a number of different positions between the start and finish • How is the picture different from a snapshot? • a snapshot freezes a single moment in time

  9. Describing Motion • A change in an object’s motion tells you that motion took place • Tells you nothing about how quickly the object changed positions – it’s speed (or, velocity) • Velocity is speed plus direction • A faster object moves farther than a slower moving object would in the same amount of time • Standard unit of measurement for speed/velocity: meters/second • Velocity equals Distance over time: v = d/t • Velocity: meters/second…distance: meters…time: seconds

  10. Relative Motion • Sit still in a chair: are you moving? • Depends on the position and motion of the person observing you • Observer leaves Earth – you are moving! • How an observer sees your motion depends on how it compares with his own motion • Motion is described using the reference point…or “frame of reference” • “frame of reference”: the location of an observer, who may be in motion also

  11. Relative Motion • Picture a student on a moving bus passing a student on the street (p.317) • The observer on the bus does not see the driver changing position, but the street sign appears to move pass the window • The observer on the street sees the driver changing position along with the bus, but the street sign appears to remain in the same position **All motion is measured relative to an observer’s frame of reference -an object not moving in one frame of reference will be moving in another

  12. Relative Motion • Suppose you are on a train, and you cannot tell if you are stopped or moving. Outside the window, another train is slowly moving forward. Could you tell which of the following is happening? • Your train is stopped, and the other train is moving slowly forward • The other train is stopped, and your train is moving slowly backward • Both trains are moving forward, with the other train moving a little faster • Your train is moving very slowly backward, and the other train is moving very slowly forward • All would look the same to you!!! – unless you compared the motion to the motion of something outside the train

  13. Investigate: Changing Position (p. 316) How are changes in position observed? • Lab notebooks: • Follow procedure, make sketches AND graphs (time vs height) of your observations • Answer: “What do you think?” and “Challenge” • End of Section 10.1 Review p. 318 # 5, 6

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