Which of these sciences is considered “the oldest medical science”?

1. Which of these sciences is considered “the oldest medical science”? 1. Egyptology 2. Molecular biology 3. Anatomy 4. Prostitution

2. Why is the study of human anatomy and physiology critical to your everyday life? 1. Developing understanding of how the body works under normal conditions 2. It serves as a foundation for other life sciences 3. Useful in knowing what is happening when you or a friend is ill 4. All of the above are correct

3. Anatomy is to ___ as physiology is to ___? 1. Cutting up : putting together 2. Structure : function 3. Function : structure 4. Medical terminology : medical tests

4. How are many anatomical terms derived? 1. Latin and Greek 2. Spanish and French 3. Eponyms 4. 1 and 3 are correct

5. Why was International Anatomical Terminology written? 1. We need to honor accomplishments of famous anatomists 2. A repository of antiquated eponymous terms 3. To serve as the universal standard of anatomical vocabulary 4. A catalogue of famous medical schools

6. Which of these forms of anatomy is NOT paired with its definition? 1. Regional anatomy/anatomical organization of specific areas of the body 2. Systemic anatomy/anatomical organization of specific areas of the body 3. Developmental anatomy/study from conception through maturity 4. Pathological anatomy/study of anatomical features during illness

7. How do you effectively distinguish cytology from histology? 1. Cytology studies structures of tissues/histology studies functions of tissues 2. Cytology analyzes internal structures of individual cells/histology studies groups of specialized cells that work together 3. Cytology uses light microscopy/histology uses electron microscopy 4. Cytology studies disease states/histology studies only healthy tissues

8. Which specialty of physiology would be the profession of someone studying effects of heart disease ? 1. Pathological physiology 2. Systemic physiology 3. Organ physiology 4. Cellular physiology

9. Which of these indicates the levels of organization from simplest to most complex? 1. Electrical; chemical; neurotransmitter; response 2. Chemical; cellular; tissue; organ; organ system; organismal 3. Skeletal; muscular; cardiovascular; endocrine; nervous 4. Tissue; chemical; cellular; organismal; organ system; organ

10. Why is it important to study each level of structural organization? 1. The organization at each level determines structural characteristics of higher levels 2. The organization at each level determines functions of higher levels 3.1 and 2 are correct 4. It is not relevant to study all levels of organization

11. At which level of organization does a histologist investigate structures? 1. molecular 2. organ 3. tissue 4. cellular

12. Which of these examples describe extrinsic regulation? 1.Results from activities of the nervous or endocrine system 2. Adjusts its activities automatically in response to environmental change 3. Oxygen levels decline in a tissue and cells release chemicals to dilate local blood vessels 4. 2 and 3

13. Why is homeostatic regulation important to an organism? 1.Regulation allows individual organ systems to gain total control of the body. 2.Individual cells tolerate large ranges of conditions when regulated properly. 3. Physiological systems can function normally only under carefully controlled conditions. 4. Regulation provides a good framework for studying human physiology.

14. A receptor, a controlcenterand an effector are the three parts of a homeostatic regulatory mechanism. Which of these describes the respective functions of each component? 1.Receives and processes information; a cell or organ that responds to commands; a sensor receptive to stimulus 2. A sensor receptive to stimulus; receives and processes information; a cell or organ that responds to commands 3. Activity that opposes or enhances a stimulus; receives information; keeps characteristics of internal environment within certain limits 4. all of the above

15. What is/are goals and functions of a negative feedback system? 1.Providing long-term control over the body’s internal conditions 2. Keeping conditions within a normal range 3. Adjusting the “set point” for body temperature based upon level of activity 4. all of the above

16. What happens to the body when homeostasis breaks down? 1.disease 2. organ systems malfunction 3. death 4. all of the above

17. What is/are goals and functions of a positive feedback system? 1.An initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the original change in conditions 2. Keeping conditions within a normal range 3. A stressful process must be completed before homeostasis can be restored 4. 1 and 3 are correct

18. Why is positive feedback helpful in blood clotting, but unsuitable for the regulation of body temperature? • Positive feedback accelerates the clotting process, but would cause temperature to rise out of control • Positive feedback would cause temperature to decrease; negative feedback would cause dynamic equilibrium to occur in blood clotting • Positive feedback is not reliable • Positive feedback works only in life threatening situations

19. When the body is in correct anatomical position, what does that look like? 1.The terms left and right refer to the left and right sides of the observer 2. Hands are at the sides, dorsum of the hand facing forward, legs apart, head slightly to one side 3. Hands are at the sides, palms facing forward, feet together, eyes straight ahead 4. Person must be lying down

20. Bruce has gallbladder problems. Where does Bruce have pain? 1.Epigastric region 2. Umbilical region 3. Right lumbar region 4. Right upper quadrant

21. The head is ____ to the umbilicus and the skeletal muscles are ___ to the bones. 1.Posterior/lateral 2. Superior/superficial 3. Inferior/deep 4. Cranial/distal

22. The knee is ____ to the ankle and ___ to the thigh. 1.Proximal/distal 2.Medial/inferior 3. Medial/distal 4. Lateral/inferior

23. Which type of section would separate/divide the body down the midline between the eyes? 1.transverse section 2.coronal section 3. parasagittal section 4. midsagittal section

24. Contents of the thoracic cavity include the ___ and is further subdivided into the ____ cavities. 1.Brain and spinal cord/cranial and vertebral 2.Heart and lungs/pleural and pericardial 3. Liver and stomach/abdominal and pelvic 4. 2 and 3 are correct

25. The ___ peritoneum surrounds organs and the ___ peritoneum lines the ____. This membrane functions to ____. 1.Dural/parietal/cranial cavity/separate brain and spinal cord 2.Pleural/pericardial/thoracic cavity/protect internal structures 3. Visceral/parietal/abdominopelvic cavity/allow organs to slide across each other 4. Parietal/visceral/thoracic cavity/allow expansion of organs

26. If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened? 1.the abdominopelvic cavity 2.the pleural cavity 3. the dorsal cavity 4. the pericardial cavity