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Demo of the Van Orden effect in silent word reading

Demo of the Van Orden effect in silent word reading. This is a very simple approximation of a type of experiment that is normally done under more closely controlled conditions, with many more trials than the few included here. Should work on both Mac and PC.

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Demo of the Van Orden effect in silent word reading

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  1. Demo of the Van Orden effect in silent word reading This is a very simple approximation of a type of experiment that is normally done under more closely controlled conditions, with many more trials than the few included here. Should work on both Mac and PC. Throughout the demo, tap the spacebar to continue Seidenberg Reading Demo

  2. Instructions: On each trial there will be a category name, followed by a word, like this: Read the category name. Tap the space bar to see the word. If the word is a member of the category,say “YES!” Say it out loud! If the word is not a member of the category, don’t say anything! Only respond when the word is a member of the category. When you are ready to go to the next trial, tap the space bar again. Seidenberg Reading Demo

  3. category name here Target word here Here’s a practice trial (tap space bar to start) Seidenberg Reading Demo

  4. Is it a kind of cloth? WOOL Seidenberg Reading Demo

  5. The answer there was YES. WOOL is a kind of cloth. The target word is followed by a masking pattern. This is to force you to respond quickly. (More about that soon.) Ready for some more? Remember, say YES if the target word is a member of the category, and don’t say anything if it’s not. Press the space bar to begin. Seidenberg Reading Demo

  6. Is it an animal? GOAT Seidenberg Reading Demo

  7. Is it an object? CHAIR Seidenberg Reading Demo

  8. Is it a living thing? PHONE Seidenberg Reading Demo

  9. Is it a tool? COUGH Seidenberg Reading Demo

  10. Is it a fruit? PAIR Seidenberg Reading Demo

  11. Is it a metal? STEAL Seidenberg Reading Demo

  12. Any errors? On trials like Fruit? PAIR Metal? STEAL the correct response is “NO”. However, subjects frequently make “false positive” errors: they say “YES” more often than in an unrelated comparison condition like Fruit PILE Metal SLEEP People’s correct “NO” responses also tend to be slower. (In the real experiments, subjects press one button to indicate “yes” and another to indicate “no” and responses are timed.) Seidenberg Reading Demo

  13. In that version, the target word was presented briefly followed by a masking pattern. That was to make you respond quickly. Let’s try it again without the masking pattern.Remember, say “yes” only if the word is a member of the category.Try again to respond quickly but accurately. Ready? Seidenberg Reading Demo

  14. Is it an object? SHOE Seidenberg Reading Demo

  15. Is it a fruit? LIME Seidenberg Reading Demo

  16. Is it a color? GREAN Seidenberg Reading Demo

  17. What was that? • GREAN is not a word. • It is a pseudohomophone. • A nonword that sounds like a real word. • others: SUTE, BRANE, CHARE, SMOAK Seidenberg Reading Demo

  18. meaning spelling sound If reading is strictly visual, it should be easy to decide that GREAN is not a word for a member of the category. GREAN is not a word and it is also an unfamiliar spelling pattern. False positive response could only come from: <color> GREAN“grene” Seidenberg Reading Demo

  19. Note on method: 1. The target word was either followed by a masking pattern or it was flashed briefly. Why? Clearly, if you look at the word long enough you can tell if it is a member of the category or not. By presenting the target briefly we can determine if subjects activate phonology very quickly—automatically. 2. The speed at which the words are presented depends on your computer. They were meant to be presented very briefly. Visibility of the words also depends on your screen settings and the ambient lighting. 3. Perhaps you made an error or two, perhaps not. The demo is not a very precise recreation of the experiments. A real experiment would have more trials, close control over the timing of the events, and accurate measurements of the speed of your responses. Seidenberg Reading Demo

  20. These are representative results from one study (Van Orden, Johnson & Hale, 1988). Table 1 shows how often subjects made false positive errors on trials (labelled “foils)” such as Article of clothing: SUTE (pseudohomophone) Part of human body: HARE (homophone) The experiment includes many items of each type. The mean error rates (about 21%) were much higher than for “control” stimuli that were similar in spelling complexity. Hence the effects were due to the foil sounding like a member of the category. M = mean, SE = standard error of the mean Seidenberg Reading Demo

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