Safety Aspects of Different Transport Modes BY: Pravin Parmar Sr. Professor (T M)

1. Safety Aspects of Different Transport Modes BY:Pravin ParmarSr. Professor (T M)

2. MODES OF TRANSPORTATION Railways Roads Air Coastal Shipping Pipelines

4. SAFETY IN AVIATION

5. FIGURES OF AIR ACCIDENTS (Source :IATA report)

6. Accidents Per Million Flights

8. COMMON FACTORS FOR AIR ACCCIDENTS • Foreign object debris • Misleading information/wrong information • Ice and snow • Engine failures • Structural failure of aircraft • Fire • Bird hit • Volcanic ash

9. COMMON FACTORS FOR AIR ACCCIDENTS • Human factors • Intoxicated pilots • Terrorism • Deliberate action of cabin crew • Electromagnetic disturbance • Runway excursions

10. RUNWAY EXCURSIONS

11. Safety in Shipping

12. Source: Report on shipping Accidents by Southampton Solent University, Landon

13. Number Of Vessels Lost

17. MAJOR SEA ROUTES USED BY VESSELS

18. ISSUES IN SHIPPING SAFETY • Registration for flag • All countries not having strict safety norms • Old vessels – lack of latest technology • Not following the safety norms for cost cutting • Accidents causing damage to marine environment

19. ROADSAFETY

21. Number of Accidents and Number of Persons Involve : 2002 to 2011 Number of Accidents Total Fatal Number of Persons Killed Injured Accident Severity* Year 2002 4,07,497 73,650 (18.1) 84,674 4,08,711 20.8 2003 4,06,726 73,589 (18.1) 85,998 4,35,122 21.1 2004 4,29,910 79,357 (18.5) 92,618 4,64,521 21.5 2005 4,39,255 83,491 (19.0) 94,968 4,65,282 21.6 2006 4,60,920 93,917 (20.4) 1,05,749 4,96,481 22.9 2007 4,79,216 1,01,161 (21.1) 1,14,444 5,13,340 23.9 2008 4,84,704 1,06,591 (22.0) 1,19,860 5,23,193 24.7 2009 4,86,384 1,10,993 (22.8) 1,25,660 5,15,458 25.8 4,99,628 1,19,558 (23.9) 4,97,686 1,21,618 (24.4) 1,34,513 5,27,512 1,42,485 5,11,394 2010 26.9 2011 28.6 * Accident Severity : No. of Persons Killed per 100 Accidents 12,40,000 PERSONS KILLED WORLDWIDE IN ROAD ACCIDENTS IN 2010 5 http://video.who.int/streaming/WHO-COPR_Road_Safety_04MAR2013.wmv

22. Global status report on road safety 2013 • Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies. • Country-based, multisectoral, consensus process used to gather information.

23. PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

24. Main messages • 88 countries have reduced their road traffic deaths, but the global total at 1.24 million remains unacceptably high. • Only 28 countries have comprehensive laws that cover 5 major risk factors. • Half of all road traffic deaths are among pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists.

25. Middle-income countries are hardest hit

26. Africa has highest road traffic death rates per 100 000 population

27. 35 countries passed new laws but only 7% of the world's population is covered for all 5 risk factors

28. Few Countries Rate The Enforcement Of Laws As "Good" "Good" enforcement defined as 8 or more on a scale of 0 to 10.

29. Vehicle Standards Should Be Adopted In All Countries • 52 countries were part of UN Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations in 2010. • Only 30 countries take part in an New Car Assessment Programmes. • Few vehicles are designed with the vulnerable road user in mind.

30. Recommendations • The pace of legislative change is too slow: increase adoption of comprehensive laws. • Enforcement of strong road safety laws is essential for success and should be coupled with public awareness. • Reducing road traffic deaths requires more consideration of the needs of pedestrians, cyclists & motorcyclists. • Also need to make infrastructure safer, implement crash testing standards, as well as improve post-crash care and road safety databases.

31. SAFETY ON RAILWAYS

32. CONSEQUENTIAL TRAIN ACCIDENTS (PER MILLION TRAIN KMS)

33. Type wise Accidents

34. Type wise Accidents (5 years: 2006-07 to 2010-11)

35. Type wise Accidents(5 years: 2006-07 to 2010-11)

36. Total Casualties (2006-07 to 2010-11)

37. Total Casualties in Train Accidents(5 years 2006-07 to 2010-11)

38. Deaths In Train Accidents(5 years 2006-07 to 2010-11)

39. Injuries in Train Accidents(5 years 2006-07 to 2010-11)

40. Responsibility (%age) for Train Accidents(5 years: 2006-07 to 2010-11)

41. Responsibility for Train Accidents(5 years : 2006-07 to 2010-11)

42. Analysis of Collisions(5 years: 2006-07 to 2010-11)

43. Analysis of Collisions2006-07 to 2010-11 (Time of Occurrence)

44. Analysis of Unmanned L.C. Accidents 2006-07 to 2010-11 (Time of Occurrence)

45. Analysis of Fire Accidents2006-07 to 2010-11 (Time of occurrence)

46. International Comparison

47. Safety on IR • Safety gets topmost priority on IR • Safety Department at Division, Zonal and Railway Board level. • Each department has its safety criteria/norms • Inspections are carried out to check irregularities • Each unusual incidence/accident is thoroughly investigated to prevent recurrence

48. Commissioner Of Railway Safety • Commissioner of Railway Safety is the statutory authority to look into safety aspects on IR • CRS is independent authority not working under MOR but under Ministry of Civil Aviation. • CRS conducts enquiries in all serious Railway accidents.

49. Areas of Safety Concern/Challenges • In a double line section when one train derails & infringes second line, the train coming from opposite direction collides with the derailed coaches/wagons causing extensive damage & loss of life. • Rear-end Collisions in Automatic Signalling territories. • Reception/dispatch during interlocking failures • Signal Passing at Danger • Poor visibility during FOG • Tendency to adopt short cut methods • Quality of Training and Skills

50. Areas of Safety Concern/Challenges • Lack of on-board Fire detection and Fire Fighting equipment in trains. • Hot axle & Wheel/Axle breakage cases • Tendency of the ICF coaches to climb on each other or capsizing/ overturning in a haphazard manner in unfortunate events of collision/ derailment • Train partings • Poor Brake power • Inability of rail-mounted relief and rescue equipments to reach accident site within Golden hour • External Threats.