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NHPA and nutrition

NHPA and nutrition. Revision. Cardiovascular health. Refers to maintaining healthy heart and blood vessels Reasons: Largest cause of death and 2 nd largest disease burden placing huge economical burden on health care system; highly preventable

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NHPA and nutrition

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  1. NHPA and nutrition Revision

  2. Cardiovascular health • Refers to maintaining healthy heart and blood vessels • Reasons: Largest cause of death and 2nd largest disease burden placing huge economical burden on health care system; highly preventable • Determinants: Biological – blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight, age, sex, genetics; Behavioural – smoking, inactivity, diet • Health promotion: Heart foundation – tick campaign; A healthy active Australia

  3. Cancer control • A group of diseases where cells become defective and behave abnormally. • Reasons: the leading cause of disease burden; large economic burden on health care system • Determinants: Biological – sex, genetics; Behavioural – diet, smoking, alcohol, inactivity, sun • Health Promotion: Cancer council - Quit or Sunsmart; BreastScreen Australia; Australian Bowel Cancer screen

  4. Injury prevention and control • Aims to reduce injury from intentional harm and unintentional harm such as falls, transport, poisoning. • Reasons: Leading cause of disease burden; preventable; major health care cost • Determinants: Biological – age, sex; Behvaioural – alcohol; Social – occupation • Health Promotion: Arrive Alive, Work Safe

  5. Mental Health • Promote a state of wellbeing for individuals to cope with stress, work productively and contribute to the community • Reasons: leading cause of non-fatal disease burden; significant burden on health care system • Determinants: Biological – age, sex; Behavioural – alcohol, illicit drug use • Health Promotion: Beyond Blue, Headspace, Kids Help Line, Lifeline

  6. Diabetes Mellitus • Conditions related to abnormal blood glucose levels • Reasons: leading cause of disease burden, easy to improve, major cost to community • Determinants: Biological – genetics, age, body weight; Behavioural – inactivity, diet • Health Promotion: National Diabetes Action Program

  7. Asthma • Chronic condition affecting air passages of the lungs • Reasons: high prevalence especially young people, major cost to the community • Determinants: Biological – age, genetics, sex; Behavioural – smoking; Social – occupation • Health Promotion: Asthma Cycle of Care, Asthma friendly schools program

  8. Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions • Disorders of one or more joints, muscles and bones • Reasons: leading cause of disease burden; a major cost to the community • Determinants: Biological – genetics, age, sex; Behavioural – smoking, diet, inactivity • Health Promotion: Waves Warm Water Wellness Program; National Action plan for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis

  9. Obesity • Refers to the presence of excess body fat based on BMI • Reasons: to address the increase in prevalence; major cost to the community; it’s a risk factor for other diseases • Determinants: Biological – genetics; Behavioural – diet, inactivity • Health Promotion: Go for your life; Swap it don’t stop it; A healthy active Australia

  10. Dementia • Diseases relating to impairment of brain function • Reasons: large disease burden; 3rd leading cause of death, high aged care costs • Determinants: Biological – age, sex, genetics; Behavioural – smoking • Health promotion: Alzheimer’s Australia - Living with Memory Loss Program

  11. Costs to the individual and community • Direct: costs as a result of diagnosis, treatment or prevention; eg. Medication, health care • Indirect: costs to the community, individual or family as a result of the disease; eg. Travel, income, absenteeism • Intangible: costs without a dollar value and relate to social, emotional stress or loss of quality of life; eg. Pain and suffering, stress, worry, grief

  12. Nutrition Macronutrients • Protein: essential and non-essential; responsible for tissue maintenance and repair • Carbohydrates: simple, complex, fibre; the body’s preferred energy source • Fats/Lipids: monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated, trans fats; source of energy, transport vitamins, provide cushioning

  13. Glycaemic index • A ranking of carbohydrates according to the different ways they change blood glucose levels • High GI: foods that release glucose quickly; eg. Potatoes, white bread, watermelon • Low GI: foods that release glucose slowly; eg. Wholegrain bread, muesli, lentils, baked beans

  14. Nutrition Micronutrients • Vitamins: Vitamins A, D, C, Folate, B12 • Minerals: Iron, calcium, iodine, fluoride, phosphorus

  15. NHPA nutrient risk factors • Saturated fats: CV, Diabetes, Obesity, Cancer • Trans fats: CV, Diabetes, Obesity • High GI foods: Obesity • Low fibre: Obesity, Cancer • Sodium: CV, Diabetes, Obesity

  16. NHPA nutrient protective factors • Monounsaturated: Obesity, CV, Diabetes • Polyunsaturated: CV, Obesity • High Fibre: Obesity, Cancer, Diabetes • Low GI foods: Obesity • Folate: Cancer, CV • Calcium: Osteoporosis • Phosphorus: Osteoporosis

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