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Strategies in Plant Life Histories: Resource Allocation and Reproduction Patterns

Explore the fascinating world of plant life histories, from seed dispersal mechanisms to reproduction strategies and resource allocation. Learn about the different choices plants make in allocating resources for growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Understand the trade-offs and patterns that shape plant strategies. Dive into the diversity of plant life histories and discover the key factors influencing plant reproductive success.

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Strategies in Plant Life Histories: Resource Allocation and Reproduction Patterns

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  1. Ch. 8: Plant life histories

  2. Warning! Warning! Danger! • March 11: Lecture exam #2 1998 remake

  3. Ch. 7: Plant Growth and Reproduction(Seed Dispersal)

  4. Biotic • Biotic seed dispersal • Epizoochory: Diaspore Ex from lab #3 (weed lab)

  5. Epizoochory • Ex, Devil’s claw (Proboscidea) Devil’s claw fruits) Extinct ground sloth with fruits attached Now?

  6. Epizoochory • 17 top “hitchhiker plants,” ranked by SRDUs (Sock Removal Difficulty Units)

  7. Dispersal Mutualisms • Epizoochory: Some mutualisms. • Ex, scatter hoarding animals

  8. Dispersal Mutualisms • Pinus albicaulis (white bark pine), Clark’s nutcracker • 1 bird: 90,000 seeds in one season

  9. Dispersal Mutualisms • Endozoochory: fruit eaten

  10. Dispersal Mutualisms • Endozoochory: sometimes seed scarified • Ex, dodo • Flightless “pigeon” • Calvaria • Dodo extinct 1680s! So far, vertebrates…..

  11. Myrmecochory • Seed dispersal: ants (mutualism, epizoochory) • Elaiosome: food body Fremontodendron seeds Stylophorum seeds

  12. Myrmecochory World distribution…. ? ?

  13. Myrmecochory Bloodroot • Common: Eastern forest herbs ? ErythroniumTrout lily Viola ?

  14. Biotic pollination vs biotic seed dispersal • Trait Pollen dispersal Seed dispersal • Animals

  15. Biotic pollination vs biotic seed dispersal • Trait Pollen dispersal Seed dispersal • Animals • “Target” • Motivation to target • Cues to target

  16. Biotic pollination vs biotic seed dispersal • Seeds: “Directed dispersal” (directly to safe site) unlikely

  17. Ch. 8: Plant life histories

  18. PLANTS! • Use resources for: • growth: add • reproduction: produce • maintenance: make tissues Quercus geminata Hard, stiff leaf…..

  19. PLANTS! • Use resources for: • growth: add modules (roots, stems, leaves) • reproduction: produce flowers/seeds • maintenance: make tissues tough & resistant. Ex, drought resistant leaves • Allocation: How resources

  20. Strategy • Strategy: pattern • Also called life history pattern

  21. Strategy • Why strategies differ?

  22. Strategy • Trade-offs (“choices”) • Ex, seed size/seed dispersal/seedling establishment

  23. “Choices”: roots/shoots • Allocation to roots or shoots? • Shoots: compete for light • Roots: compete for water/nutrients

  24. Choices: roots/shoots • Root:shoot ratio. Allocation roots vs. shoots • Usually documented by drying/weighing • High ratio: good • Low ratio: • Poor soil, lots of light: root:shoot ratio high or low?

  25. Choices: roots/shoots Rich soil, lots of aboveground competition: root:shoot ratio high or low?

  26. Choices: when reproduce? • Annuals: live 4- • Biennials: Live 2 • Perennials: Live. • Most polycarpic:

  27. Choices: when reproduce? • Perennials • Some monocarpic: 1

  28. Monocarpic perennials • Advantages: 1) pollination (large display) • Ex, Swertia radiata (monument plant: Gentianaceae)

  29. Monocarpic perennials • Century plants (Agave): U.S. & Mexico deserts Tony Danza!! Baja California, Mexico

  30. Monocarpic perennials • Blue Agave: source of tequila

  31. Monocarpic perennials • Advantages: 2) predator satiation • Many seeds:

  32. Monocarpic perennials • Ex, some bamboos • Phyllostachys bambusoides:

  33. Monocarpic perennials • Giant Panda angle: eats bamboo • Populations fragmented Danza as panda

  34. Monocarpic perennials • 1970s: 3 major species flowered • Pandas starved

  35. Monocarpic perennials • Recall

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