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Sports Biomechanics

Sports Biomechanics. What is it? Why do we study it?. What is Biomechanics. Sub-discipline of Kinesiology- study of human movement Study of the movement of living things using the science of mechanics

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Sports Biomechanics

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  1. Sports Biomechanics What is it? Why do we study it?

  2. What is Biomechanics • Sub-discipline of Kinesiology- study of human movement • Study of the movement of living things using the science of mechanics • Branch of physics that is concerned with the description of motion and how force creates motion

  3. Why study Biomechanics? • Improve Performance • Preventing and Treating Injury • Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

  4. Improve Performance • Most useful in sports where technique is the dominant factor • Physical stature and physiological capacity are a more dominant factor in many sports • Example: Running • Equipment design • Exercise movements and training devices

  5. Preventing and Treating Injury • Medical property of tissue • Mechanical loadings during movement • Preventative or rehabilitation therapies • Shoes • Helmets • Prosthetics • Orthotics • Support objects or braces that correct deformities or joint positioning

  6. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis • Qualitative • Systematic observation and introspective judgement of the quality of movement • Easier, more commonly used • Quantitative • Numerical • Measurement of biomechanical variables • Accuracy, consistency, and precision

  7. Mechanics • Rigid-body • Small deformations in shape so small they can be ignored • Reasonable assumption for Biomechanics • Most used • Deformable-body • How forces are distributed within a material • Fluids • Concerned with forces in fluids • Liquids and gasses • Air resistance

  8. Rigid-Body • Statics- study of objects at rest or in uniform motion • Dynamics- study of objects being accelerated by the actions of force • Kinematics • Motion description • Measured in linear or angular terms • Kinetics • Determining the cause of motion • Forces and air resistance

  9. 9 Fundamentals of Biomechanics • Force-Motion • Force-Time • Inertia • Range of Motion • Balance • Coordination Continuum • Segmental Interaction • Optimal Projection • Spin

  10. Force-Motion • Says that unbalanced forces are acting on our bodies or objects when we either create or modify movement • Quiet standing- what forces are equal in this? • No change in motion, since there is no unbalanced force acting on the individual

  11. Force-Time • The amount of time over which force can be applied affects motion • Examples: Bowling, javelin, throwing • Impulse-momentum relationship • Increasing time to apply force to slow down objects in motion • Newton’s Second Law

  12. Inertia • Property of all objects to resist changes in their state of motion • Newton’s First Law • At rest, or in motion, unless acted on by an outside force

  13. Range of Motion • Overall motion used in a movement • Increasing range of motion can increase speed or gradually slow down • Related to force-time

  14. Balance • Person’s ability to control their body position relative to base of support • Stability and mobility of body postures are inversely related • Less stable=more mobile • Mores stable=less mobile

  15. Coordination Continuum • Muscle actions and body segment motions are timed • Determining the optimal timing of muscle actions or segmental motions depends on the goal of the movement • High forces- more simultaneous actions • Low-force and high-speed- more sequential actions

  16. Segmental Interaction • Forces acting in a system of linked rigid bodies can be transferred throughout the links and joints • Muscles coordinate to complement the effects of torques created at joints

  17. Optimal Projection • Most human movements involving projectiles have an optimal range of projectile angles for specific goals • Optimal angles proved the right compromise between vertical velocity and horizontal velocity

  18. Spin • Rotations imparted to projectiles • Spin is desirable for stabilization and fluid force called lift • Lift force is used to create a curve or counteract gravity

  19. 4 Steps of Qualitative Analysis • Preparation • Gather relevant knowledge • Select observational strategy • Observation • Executes the observational strategy to gather relevant sensory information • Evaluation/Diagnosis • Evaluation- identify strengths and weaknesses • Diagnosis- prioritizing of the potential interventions • Intervention • Executes some action on behalf of the performer

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