Special Groups and Names

1. Special Groups and Names Color the Periodic Table on the back of the note paper as we go through the different groups.

2. What are Alkali Metals? • Elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table

3. Physical Properties • Shiny metals • Very soft and light weight • Good conductors of electricity

4. Chemical Properties • All have an electron configuration that ends in s1 • Only one electron in their outermost energy level • Highly reactive because they want to lose that electron • React violently with water • Have the lowest ionization potentials in their periods

5. What are Alkaline-Earth Metals? • Elements in Group 2 of the Periodic Table

6. Physical Properties • Silvery colored • Each of the metals have two electrons on the outmost shell • The two electrons make the Alkaline metals harder, more dense, and have higher melting points than the metals in group 1

7. Chemical Properties • Highly reactive, but slightly less reactive then the alkali metals • React strongly with halogens to form salt ions and when combined with water, they form alkaline hydroxides • Usually react with oxygen, which wants 2 electrons, to form oxides

8. What are Halogens? • Elements in Group 17 of the Periodic Table • The word halogen comes from Greek and means “salt maker”

9. Physical Properties • Halogens have a wide range of physical properties. • The melting and boiling point of the halogens increase as one moves down the periodic table. This is why at room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine and astatine are solids. • Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element.

10. Chemical Properties • Most reactive nonmetals on the Periodic Table • Halogens have 7 valence electrons and therefore need one more to have a complete octet. • Reacts with most metals, especially alkali metals, to produce salts.

11. What are Noble Gases? • Any of the chemically inert, gaseous elements of the periodic table • Elements are located in Group 18 on the periodic table • Also known as the Helium or Neon Family • All found in small quantities in the atmosphere

12. Physical Properties • Odorless & Colorless • Monatomic Construction (having one atom in the molecule) • Boil at low temperatures, ranging from Helium’s boiling point of -268.830C to Radon’s point of -620C • Melt at low temperatures ranging from Helium’s point of -2720C to Radon’s point of -710C

13. Chemical Properties • Rarely react with other elements, defining them as “stable” • Low chemical reactions allowing for few compounds to be formed (Helium, Neon, and Argon do not have any known combinations) • So, highly unreactive due to the full amount of valence electrons in outer shell (total of 8)

14. Other Groups • The Transition Metals • Electron configuration ends in d • Found in the middle of the Periodic Table (The d block) • Can lose a number of different electrons depending on the element with which it reacts • The InnerTransition Metals • Electron configuration ends in f • Found at the bottom of the Periodic Table (The f block) • Subdivided in the lanthanide and actinide series.