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Cutting-Edge Molecular Tools in Environmental and Biological Engineering

Explore state-of-the-art techniques and applications in environmental and biological engineering, from wastewater treatment to bioremediation processes. Discover advancements in targeted drug delivery, metabolic engineering, and more. Dive into innovative methodologies like permeable reactive barriers and microbial community analyses. Stay informed on the latest research and technologies shaping the fields of molecular and environmental engineering.

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Cutting-Edge Molecular Tools in Environmental and Biological Engineering

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  1. Molecular Tools: Engineering Applications

  2. Environmental Engineering: State of the Art • “Sanitary Engineering” • “Environmental Engineering” • Biological Processes: • Wastewater • BOD removal • Nutrient Removal • Bioremediation • Primary Substrate Degradation: ex: oil spills • Co-metabolism: ex: chlorinated solvents • Contaminant immobilization: ex: Heavy Metals

  3. Other Engineering Fields: • Biomedical Engineering: • Targeted Drug Delivery • Gene Therapy • Chemical Engineering: • Metabolic Engineering

  4. Tailings Dam http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/research/ggr/PermeableReactiveBarriers/PRBforAMD/PRBforAMD.html Example: Heavy Metal Remediation

  5. Ecology of Sulfate-Reducing Communities Hydrolytic processes Fermentative processes Methanogenic processes Sulfate-reduction processes Polymers Enzymatic Hydrolysis Methanogenesis Oligomers CH4 + CO2 CO2 Alcohols Monomers H2 SO42- Acetate Sulfate Reduction Organic Acids Me2+ CO2 H2S Fermentation CO2 MeS(s)

  6. PM a DM a DM b WL a WL b #1 a #1 b C17 a C17 b C34 a C34 b PM b C5 C6 DGGE of PRB PM - standard DM - inocula from dairy manure WL - inocula from wetland #1 - initial mixture C5 - column 5 C6 - column 6 C17 - mixture of column 1 and 7 C34 - mixture of column 3 and 4

  7. B18 B28 B25 B29 B14 B27 B12 B24 Columns 3,4 SSCP of PRB

  8. Real-Time PCR

  9. Example: MTBE Bioremediation BTEX MTBE

  10. Experimental Design: pH buffered sterilized nutrient solution MTBE only MTBE W/ BTEX TBA W/ BTEX TBAonly BTEX only Sterile control with all 6 compounds Concentration 50 mg/L a well-characterized mixed culture

  11. DGGE Profiles MTBE Only STD TBA only End Mid. End Start Start Mid. Known MTBE degrader “PM1-like” Known MTBE degrader Hydrogenophaga

  12. Real Time PCR of MTBE-Degraders

  13. Example: Fate of Antibiotic Genes • >50% Antibiotics used in U.S. -> Livestock • Antibiotics demonstrated to be in Poudre River (Yang and Carlson) • Effect on Microbial Communities? • Antibiotic Resistance Genes?

  14. Other Areas: • Drinking Water Pathogens • Activated Sludge Upset • Biological Phosphorus Removal • Assessment Tools in Bioremediation

  15. People, Names, Places: • Bruce Rittmann, Northwestern U., Lutgarde Raskin, UI-UC, Nancy Love, Virginia Tech, Dan Oerther, U. Cincinnati, Dan Noguera, UNC, Francis de los Reyes, U Wisconsin- Madison, Pedro Alvarez, U. Iowa • Carl Woese- UI-UC, Rudolf Aaman- Max Planck Institute, Germany, Norm Pace- Boulder, David Stahl-, James Tiedje- Mich. State

  16. Today’s Topics: • TCE-degrading Communities • Wastewater Microbes • Phosphate Removal • Food (beer) microbiology

  17. Flow Cytometry

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