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What is WPAN?

What is WPAN?. General Topic Seminar 2005.12.28 Joo-Young Baek. Contents. Wireless Classification WPAN Concept WPAN Standardization IEEE 802.15.1 / Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.3 / IEEE 802.15 TG3 a / UWB IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee. WWAN GSM/ GPRS / CDMA. WMAN IEEE802.16. WLAN

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What is WPAN?

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  1. What is WPAN? General Topic Seminar 2005.12.28 Joo-Young Baek

  2. Contents • Wireless Classification • WPAN Concept • WPAN Standardization • IEEE 802.15.1 / Bluetooth • IEEE 802.15.3 / • IEEE 802.15 TG3a / UWB • IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee

  3. WWAN GSM/ GPRS / CDMA WMAN IEEE802.16 WLAN IEEE802.11 HyperLan WPAN Bluetooth WAN WAN-MAN PAN MAN MAN-LAN LAN-PAN Pico-Cell Personal Operating Space ~50km ~2km 0km ~10m Wireless Classification (1/2)

  4. Peak Data Rate Higher Rate, Less Mobility 100 4G H/S Wireless LAN 2.4 & 5 GHz Unlicensed UWB 10 4G Wireless NAN 2.4 & 5 GHz Megabits per Second/User 1 3G/802.16 Wireless Various Bands 3G/MAN Fixed or Pedestrian Bluetooth Wider Area, More Mobility Zigbee PANs 2.4GHz and UWB 3G/MAN Mobile .1 2/2,5G Wireless 800 MHz, 2 GHz 2.5G Mobile/Pedestrian Zigbee (US) Zigbee (Europe) Range 10 feet 100 feet 1 mile 10 miles Wireless Classification (2/2)

  5. WPAN(Wireless Personal Area Network) (1/2) • Short-range(0-50m) wireless ad-hoc data communications system • Mobile phone, laptop/PC synchronization • Built around an object or a person and can be stationary or in motion • Allows a significant number of digital devices within range to communicate with each other • WPAN • Short Range • Low Power • Low Cost • Small Networks

  6. WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) (2/2) • Bluetooth, HomeRF: 0.7-2 Mb/s data rates • Wireless earphones, hands-free sets • Mobile phone – laptop/PC synchronization • Low power, low cost • High-rate WPAN, UWB systems • Digital image/video down-load/exchange • Low-rate WPAN, RF-ID • Sensors, meter-reading, smart tags/badges, home automation • Ultra low power and cost need; short range

  7. IEEE 802.15 - Usage Models (1/3)

  8. IEEE 802.15 - Usage Models (2/3)

  9. IEEE 802.15 - Usage Models (3/3)

  10. IEEE 802.15.1 • Bluetooth SIG (> 1Mbps) IEEE 802.15.2 • IEEE 802.15.3 • UWB ( > 20Mbps) • IEEE 802.15.4 • ZigBee Alliance ( < 250kbps ) WPANStandardizations IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group Task Group 1 WPAN/Bluetooth™ Task Group 2 Coexistence Task Group 3a WPAN Alt. Higher Rate Task Group 3 WPAN High Rate Task Group 4 WPAN Low Rate

  11. What is Bluetooth? (802.15.1)

  12. IEEE 802.15.1

  13. IEEE 802.15.1 – Usage Scen.

  14. Bluetooth Basics • Universal radio interface in the ISM band that enables portable electronic devices to connect and communicate wirelessly via short-range, ad hoc networks • Promoters : Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Intel, 3Com, Lucent Technologies, Microsoft, Motorola • Website : www.bluetooth.com Why is it called “Bluetooth”? • Harald Blaatand • Translated in English means “Bluetooth” • A.D. 940-981 • A king of Denmark and Norway • Brought Christianity to Scandinavians to harmonize their beliefs with the rest of Europe. • symbolize the need for harmony among manufacturers of WPANs around the world.

  15. Bluetooth Basics [History]

  16. Bluetooth Characteristics • Cable replacement between devices. • Devices can be connected to multiple devices at the same time • Short range (10 m) • Low power consumption • 2.4 GHz (Unlicensed ISM Band) • Advantage: worldwide availability • Disadvantage: interfere with IEEE 802.11b products • Voice and data transmission, totally 1 Mbps • Low cost • less than US$5 for a Bluetooth chip

  17. Protocol Architecture • Bluetooth is a layered protocol architecture • Core protocols • Cable replacement and telephony control protocols • Adopted protocols • Core protocols • Radio • Baseband • Link manager protocol (LMP) • Logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) • Service discovery protocol (SDP)

  18. Protocol Architecture Core Protocols

  19. Examples of Bluetooth 유엠텍 소비아 삼성전자SPH-V6900 세계 최초로 플립형 스피커를 내장한 깜찍한 디자인의 블루투스 헤드세트

  20. What is UWB? (802.15.3a)

  21. IEEE 802.15.3 – Overview(1/2) • High data rate WPAN • Potential future standard • Motivation: The need for higher bandwidths currently supported with 802.15.1 • 100 Mpbs within 10 meter • 400 Mpbs within 5 meter • Data, High quality TV, Home cinema • Dynamic topology • Mobile devices often join and leave the piconet • Short connection times • High spatial capacity • Multiple Power Management modes • Secure Network

  22. IEEE 802.15.3 – Overview(2/2) • Based on piconets • Data Devices (DEV) establish peer-to-peer communication • Includes also a Piconet Coordinator (PNC)

  23. Piconets and Scatternets • Piconet • Basic unit of Bluetooth networking • Master and one to seven slave devices • Master determines channel and phase • Scatternet • Device in one piconet may exist as master or slave in another piconet • Allows many devices to share same area • Makes efficient use of bandwidth

  24. Piconet • Before a connection is created, a device is in “standby” mode, periodically listen for messages every 1.28 sec. • Devices are connected in an ad hoc fashion, called piconet. • Each piconet has 1 master and up to 7 slaves. • Other devices within the piconet will be considered “parked”. • Parked devices, as well as the slaves, are synchronized to the master. P S S M P SB S P SB M = Master S = Slave P = Parked SB = Standby

  25. Scatternet • Linking of multiple co-located piconets through the sharing of common master or slave devices • A device can be slave in one piconet and master of another • No device can be master of two piconets Piconets P S S S M M P P SB M=Master S=Slave P=Parked SB=Standby S P SB SB S

  26. DCT-2000 IEEE 802.15.3 [Target Applications] • Fast file transfers between consumer devices. • Visit applications on Web site. • Local video distribution and control

  27. UWB (Ultra WideBand Impulse Radio) (1/2) • The Ultra Wideband Working Group (UWBWG) has been founded in response to interest voiced by the UWB Community at the UWB Communications Workshop on May 25-27, 1998, as well as a result of the FCC's NOI(Notice Of Inquiry) on UWB • Types of UWB devices (ref. Feb. 14 2002, FCC) • Imaging Systems • Ground Penetrating Radar Systems • Wall Imaging Systems • Through-wall Imaging Systems • Medical Systems • Surveillance Systems • Vehicular Radar Systems • Communications and Measurement Systems • Website : www.uwb.org

  28. UWB (Ultra WideBand Impulse Radio) (2/2) • Radio transmission without RF carrier on a several • Features • Sub-nanosecond pulses, very accurate timing & positioning • Theoretically Gigabit data rate over short distances • Interference with narrowband RF traffic can be avoided by using very low transmission power • Very high connection speeds, up to 1 Gb/s • Spectrum reuse • Low power consumption • Enabler of new services and functions • Cable replacement • Wireless USB, Wireless Firewire

  29. UWB [Spatial Capacity] 3 co-located 11 Mbps 10 co-located 1 Mbps 12 co-located 54 Mbps 802.11b systems Bluetooth Systems 802.11a Systems 33 Mbps 10 Mbps 648 Mbps 1000 Ultra Wideband 1000 kbps/m2 2D Spatial Capacity (kbps/m2) 802.11a 83 kbps/m2 500 Bluetooth 1 30 kbps/m2 802.11b 1 kbps/m2 …. 0 Bluetooth 2 ?, IEEE 802.15.3 ? 802.11b Bluetooth 802.11a ~1000 bits/sec/m2 ~30,000 bits/s/m2 ~83,000 bits/s/m2 r=100m r=50m r=10m

  30. UWB [Comparison] • Compared to Cellular, WLAN, Bluetooth and Ethernet

  31. UWB [Applications] • Communications • Mobile Communication • Wide Area Network • Home Network • Wireless LAN • Radar • Ground Penetrating Radar • Non-destructive Radar • Automotive Sensors • Intelligent Security Zone UWB Applications • Miscellaneous • - Data Line Communication • Electronic Countermeasure • Wireless Power Transmission • Weather Control • Tracking • Locator Beacons • Precision Location • Precision Navigation • Ranging Instruments

  32. What is ZigBee? (802.15.4)

  33. IEEE 802.15.4 [Characteristics] • Data rates of 250 kbps and 20 kbps • Star topology, peer to peer possible • 255 devices per network • CSMA-CA channel access • Optional guaranteed time slot • Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability • Low power (battery life multi-month to nearly infinite) • Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz) • Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%) • Range: 10m nominal (1-100m based on settings) • Location aware: Yes, but optional

  34. · Mouse · TV · Keyboard · Monitors · VCR · Joystick · Sensors · DVD Gamepad · · Automation · CD · Remote · Control · Monitors · Diagnostics · Sensors · PETs · Security · Gameboys · HVAC · Educational · Lighting · Closures IEEE 802.15.4 [Target Markets] Industrial & Commercial Consumer Electronics PC Peripherals Low Data Rate Radio Devices Personal Healthcare Home Automation Toys & Games

  35. What is ZigBee? • Technology that addresses the market needs for cost-effective wireless networking solutions based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard • Non-profit industry consortium defining a global specification for reliable, cost-effective, low power wireless applications based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. • Six promoters (Honeywell, Invensys, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips, and Samsung) and more than 80 participants

  36. ZigBee [Characteristics] • Dual PHY (2.4Ghz and 868/915Ghz) • Data rates of 250kbps • CSMA-CA channel access yields high throughput and low latency for low duty cycle devices like sensors and controls • Low power (battery life multi-month to years) • Multiple topologies • Star, peer-to-peer, mesh • Range : 50m typical

  37. ZigBee [Comparisons]

  38. ZigBee vs. Bluetooth • ZigBee • Smaller packets over large network • Mostly Static networks with many, infrequency used devices • Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc • Bluetooth • Larger packets over small network • Ad-hoc networks • File transfer • Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc

  39. Examples of ZigBee (1/2)

  40. Examples of ZigBee (2/2)

  41. WPAN [Data Rate & Range] • Data Rates in the Wireless Space

  42. WPAN [Spatial Capacity] • Data Rates and Spatial Capacity

  43. References • UWB 최근 동향 – www.eic.re.kr ㈜ 아나칩스 공학박사 김천곤 • ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Summary – Berkeley university • ZigBee Alliance Homepage, www.zigbee.org • http://www.bluetooth.com/ • 무선 사설망(WPAN) 기술 – TTA 저널 • Wireless Personal Area Networks Study Group • Wireless Networking: Overview and Roadmap – IEEE oregon section • Wireless LAN Standards - Peter Schürholt, HP – NSG Senior Consultan

  44. References • WPAN 기술동향 – 세종대학교, 정보통신학과, 송형규 • Wireless sensor networks looking to Zigbee Alliance - By Bryon Gloden, Murat Senel, and Waseem Sheikh • ZigBee - Chris Diamond, Michael Gordon, Priya Joshi, Gideon Wamae

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