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Partitivi some e any

Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Sociali e della Salute Lingua Inglese a.a. 2013-2014 (Dott. Saverio Tomaiuolo). Partitivi some e any.

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Partitivi some e any

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  1. Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio MeridionaleDipartimento di Scienze Umane, Sociali e della SaluteLingua Inglese a.a. 2013-2014(Dott. Saverio Tomaiuolo) Partitivi some eany

  2. I partitivi “some” e “any” traducono l’italiano “alcuni”, “del”, “dei”, “delle”, “qualche” etc…e si possono usare con i nomi numerabili al plurale (some sportsmen, some races, any ball) o con i non numerabili (any rain, some information, some bread, some news; VEDI UNITA’ SUCCESSIVA). Frase affermativa Si utilizza generalmente some, mentre per riferirsi ad una scelta libera (quando vuoi, tutto ciò che ti piace etc..) si può utilizzare any: I bought some expensive shoes last week. You can eat any food you like.

  3. Frase negative. Si utilizza generalmente notany (oppure no): - Do not use any drugs / use no drugs to feel free and happy! Frasi interrogative Si usa generalmente any, mentre somepuò essere utilizzato solo per le offerte: - Does he have any friends? He looks alone. - Do you have any coffee? CONFRONTA CON: - Do you want/Would you like some coffee?

  4. Esempi: - She had some rest after this long walk. - You can come any time you want. - I don’t want any help from you / I want no help from you - Do you have any DVDs to lend me? No, but would you like some books instead?

  5. Nomi numerabili (countable nouns) e non numerabili (uncountable nouns)

  6. 1. I countable nouns sono quei nomi che possono essere contati e numerati e che possiedono le forme singolari e plurali, come nei seguenti casi: car / cars / two cars; finger / fingers / two fingers; boy / boys / five boys 2. Altri termini possiedono invece solo una forma e non sono numerabili, o uncountable, come ad esempio: Water, tea, rain, snow, food, bread, sugar, cheese, information, luggage, news, advice, vegetables, milk, food, money, music Per indicare le quantità con gli uncountable nouns, essi possono essere preceduti o dall’articolo “The” o dai partitivi “Some /Any”, come nei seguenti casi: some water, the rain, some information, some milk, the coffee etc… Ci sono alcuni termini non numerabiliche possono divenire numerabili, come ad esempio: coffee (Do you have two coffees?), tea (Does she want one tea?)

  7. Esempi: • Parents at school always need some information about their children. • Young people need the advice of a more experienced person. • Do you have any luggage to declare? Yes, I have only two small bags. • I need some water. Is it possible to have two glasses of water, please?

  8. Modal verbs (1): “can” al presente e al passato

  9. Il verbo modale “can” indica la capacità o l’abilità da parte di qualcuno/qualcosa di fare qualcosa. La sua forma al passato è could, e può essere anche utilizzato (assieme a may, un altro verbo modale) per le richieste cortesi, cosa che non si può dire delle richieste con il modale “can”, che sono piuttosto informali. • Frase affermativa SOGGETTO + CAN [passato: COULD] + VERBO (all’infinito senza “to”) I /you /he /she / it / we / you / they can [could] go there. • Frase negativa SOGGETTO + CANNOT / CAN’T [COULD NOT/ COULDN’T] + VERBO I / you / he /she / it / we / you / they cannot / can’t [could not / couldn’t] go there • Frase interrogativa CAN [passato: COULD] + SOGGETTO + VERBO (all’infinito senza “to”)…? Can [could] I /you /he /she / it / we / you / they go there…? Can you give me that book ? (informale); Could / May you give me that book? (più formale)

  10. Esempi: He can run 100 metres in 10 seconds. Can they improve their personal record? I cannot (can’t) write faster than that! Could you give me that t-shirt please?

  11. Modal verbs (2): “must” / “to have to” al presente e al passato

  12. Il verbo must viene adoperato per indicare un obbligo. Essendo anch’esso un modale, valgono le medesime regole viste per can. • Frase affermativa SOGGETTO + MUST + VERBO (all’infinito senza “to”) I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they must study more • Frase negativa SOGGETTO + MUST NOT / MUSTN’T + VERBO (all’infinito senza “to”) I / you / he /she / it / we / you / they must not /mustn’t study more • Frase interrogativa MUST + SOGGETTO + VERBO (all’infinito senza “to”)…? Must I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they study more?

  13. Nel casi si tratti di un consiglio (“dovresti”, “sarebbe meglio”) si può utilizzare il verbo “to have to” (più in uso rispetto al desueto ought to). • Le forme affermative /negative/interrogative sono le stesse del verbo “to have” con l’aggiunta della preposizione “to” (I have to go there, she has to train more). • Il passato sia di must che di to have to si forma con Had to (forma negativa: SOGGETTO + DID NOT HAVE TO / HAD NOT TO + VERBO; forma interrogativa: DID + SOGGETTO + HAVE TO + VERBO).

  14. Esempi: • You must follow the rules to be fair! • He doesn’t have/ hasn’t to cycle too much to warm up. • Must I drink this wine? No, you mustnot / mustn’t. • He had to call his friend at the phone that night.

  15. Dare/Chiedere informazioni Regola fondamentale: usare sempre “please” alla fine della frase!!! Chiedere Informazioni Una strada/via: Excuse me, could you (formale)/can you (informale) tell me where is Gower Street? It seems I got lost! Excuse me, is the British Library Far from here? Un nome/titolo: Sorry, I did not catch your name/the name of that book. Could you please spell it/repeat it? Per telefono: Hallo? Good morning/afternoon/evening. Is it Mr. Rossi? Could you please pass me on to him/her?

  16. Dare informazioni Una strada/via: It is not far from here. You just have to walk straight, turn left/right. It is 200 metres far. • Unfortunately it is a bit far. Do you walk or do you have a car? Take the second left and then …. Un nome/titolo: Ok, I’ll repeat it. My name is ROSSI. R-O-double S-I. Per telefono: Yes, he/she is here. I’ll pass you to him/her. Could you please hold on a minute? To be honest I do not now. I’ll check if he/she is here. Could you please hold on?

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