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Web Server Administration

Web Server Administration. Chapter 3 Installing the Server. Overview. Prepare the server for system installation Understand the installation process Windows Server 2003, and Red Hat Linux 8 Examine basic Linux commands Configure TCP/IP. Prepare the Server for Installation.

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Web Server Administration

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  1. Web Server Administration Chapter 3 Installing the Server

  2. Overview • Prepare the server for system installation • Understand the installation process • Windows Server 2003, and Red Hat Linux 8 • Examine basic Linux commands • Configure TCP/IP

  3. Prepare the Server for Installation • A typical installation is from CD • For Windows 2000, you can boot from a floppy for network installation • For Linux, you can install from the network or even using FTP • Production systems use a single-boot system meaning only one OS is on a computer • You can put all described OSs on a single computer which is a multi-boot

  4. Prepare the Server for Installation • Decide on single or multi-boot system • Installation method • Hardware check and identifying devices • Computer name – must be unique to the LAN • Licensing the SW • Selecting the file system

  5. Checking Hardware Compatibility • Typically you have fewer problems if you are using hardware designed for a server from major manufacturers • IDE drives are always compatible • Make sure that you have the latest drivers for SCSI and RAID controllers • With video adapters and NICs, it is best to use ones from major vendors

  6. Checking Hardware Compatibility • You can have problems if you • Put a system together yourself with the latest or off-brand NICs, video adapters, and RAID controllers • Try to upgrade an OS on old servers because they sometimes have specialized hardware that is not supported anymore • For Windows OSs • www.microsoft.com/hwdg • For Red Hat Linux • www.redhat.com/support/hardware

  7. System Documentation • Need compatibility information • Hardware information • Server manufacturer, including model information • Processor type and speed • Amount of RAM • Drive interface – RAID, SCSI, IDE • Hard disk – size, manufacturer, and model • NIC manufacturer and model

  8. System Documentation • System information • Partition information – number and sizes • OS version installed • Latest software patches • Extra drivers needed • URLs for latest drivers

  9. System Documentation • Steps for installation including options chosen • Keep documentation, CDs, drivers in a binder • Know support details • Who to call • Contract phone number • Type of support contract • Expiration of contract

  10. The Installation Process-Partitioning the Hard Disk • A partition is a logical division of the hard disk • A system boots from the primary partition • You can create an extended partition • It is best to isolate the operating system from applications • If the application partition fills and the operating system is on the same partition, the OS stops • For latest hardware supports • For Windows OSs • www.microsoft.com/hwdg • For Red Hat Linux • www.redhat.com/support/hardware

  11. OS Boot Systems • Every OS has a boot loader, which starts the booting process • The sector containing the BL called Master Boot Record • Comparison • Microsoft BL recognizes Windows 2000, 2003 – No Linux • In MS, the OS changes the MBR as they wish without user control over the BL • Linux MBR recognizes Linux as well as Windows OS • Booting sequence is determined in the BIOS (firmware on the ROM chip that contain computer’s startup instructions) • Two common BL programs used with Linux distros are GRUB and LILO; GRUB is more common. It is preferred to install Linux first!

  12. OS Boot Systems • GRUB boot process • The BIOS finds a bootable device (hard disk) and moves control to the master boot record (MBR, the first 512 bytes of the hard disk). • The MBR contains GRUB . GRUB receives control, and displays to the user the GRUB boot menu. • GRUB loads the user-selected (or default) kernel into memory and passes control on to the kernel.

  13. The Installation Process • Six partitions are used for Linux by default • / (root partition) • swap (used for virtual memory) • /boot (boot files – small) • /usr (shared files and programs) • /home (user files and programs) • /var (Web site, FTP, log files) • Just / and swap are required

  14. Managing Multiple Operating Systems on a Single Computer • Useful for development purposes • Best to start with unpartitioned hard disk • Create one partition for each Windows OS • Allow Linux to create default partitions • Install Windows first, then Linux • Linux installation then produces a menu to select Windows

  15. The Installation Process-Naming Computers • Identify a unique computer on the network • In Linux, the hostname can exist on more than computer, it only uses IP addresses for communication

  16. The Installation Process-Licensing • Describes how the software can be used • For Windows 2000, Microsoft assumes that you have the correct number of client access licenses • For Windows Server 2003, each installation must be activated by Microsoft • Linux is basically free but there may be a cost for packaging, support, and extras • Based on the GNU general public license • Red Hat has personal, professional, and Advanced Server options

  17. The Installation Process-Selecting a File System • A file system determines how files are stored on a hard disk • File systems may use a storage device or they may be virtual and exist only as an access method for virtual data or for data over a network • implemented for the storage, hierarchical organization, manipulation, navigation, access, and retrieval • Examples of disk file systems include FAT, NTFS, HFS, ext2, etc. Windows has two file systems • File system aspects • How to access sectors on the hard drive • How to create and remove files and directories • FAT is based on the original DOS file system and has no security – boot able from the floppy • NTFS has security features which are critical for a server • Only designated users can access some files • The default user file system in Red Hat Linux 8 is ext3, which offers some performance improvements over ext2

  18. Windows Server 2003 Installation • The procedures for installing Web, Standard, and Enterprise editions are the same • Installation is simpler than previous versions of Windows • Only essential information such as computer name, licensing, password, IP address, and domain membership are requested

  19. Linux 8 Installation • As is true with Windows, you can generally accept the defaults • Remember to select Server as the Installation Type • This gives you a list of packages that are appropriate for a server environment • Remember to select No firewall • This makes it easier to configure and test your own firewall (Chapter 10)

  20. Configuring TCP/IP in Windows • To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ipconfig at a command prompt

  21. Configuring TCP/IP in Linux • To determine TCP/IP configuration, type ifconfig at a shell prompt • The IP address is on the third line

  22. To Change the IP Address in Linux • In System Settings, click Network • Click the Edit button • Now you can change the IP address • Click OK, then Apply, and Close to save the changes

  23. Summary • Windows and Linux installations share the task of creating partitions • The same computer can have multiple operating systems • Windows server operating systems are licensed based on the edition and the number of users • Linux licensing is based on the GNU general public license

  24. Summary • Microsoft and Linux have improved their ability to recognize devices • There are many useful commands when using the Linux shell prompt

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