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Mating Patterns

Mating Patterns. Monogamy. 1 male & 1 female pair mate with no one else Birds 90% of species 21% of those end in “divorce” Not always death due us part http://animal.discovery.com/videos/cute-and-cuddly-dads-trumpeter-swan-dads.html. Monogamy. Mammals Less than 3% species

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Mating Patterns

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  1. Mating Patterns

  2. Monogamy • 1 male & 1 female pair mate with no one else • Birds • 90% of species • 21% of those end in “divorce” • Not always death due us part • http://animal.discovery.com/videos/cute-and-cuddly-dads-trumpeter-swan-dads.html

  3. Monogamy • Mammals • Less than 3% species • Some species the females prevent the males from breeding with other females within their group • Example- marmosets/tamarins, wolves & wild dogs • Reasons for females being the parental care • Lactation/feeding • Males gain more by leaning reproductively • Coolidge Effect • Ability of males to resume copulation with a new female • Copulatory lock • To ensure fertilization

  4. Polyandry • “Many Males” • Female mates with several males & males tends do parental care • Few bird species, few insect species, sea horses & few human cultures • http://animal.discovery.com/videos/cute-and-cuddly-dads-sea-horse-dads.html • Males might incubate eggs • Can raise 2 sets of young per year by both caring for young • Philopatry- females return to where they were born • Females tend to have a territory

  5. Polygyny • “Many Females” • Male mates with several females & female mates with 1 male • Most common method in animal kingdom • 97% mammals • Resource Defense Polygyny • Good resources in clumped areas • Females need these resources • 60% mammals • 1 female solitary with male has larger area around her to defend • Female Harem Defense Polygyny • Tend to aggregate because increased vigilance, mutual defense & alarms • May be 1 male or couple males with lots of females • Seasonal harems

  6. Polygyny • Male Dominance Polygyny • Females tend to pick same male • Free to choose most fit male • Lek displays used • Scramble Competition Polygyny • Males search for females without much competition • Lots of options or very few • Unusual Polygyny • Releasers- stimuli the male & female exchange during courtship • Example- Stickleback Fish- males breed with a bunch of females and care for all their eggs

  7. Promiscuity/Polygynandry • Both males & females mate several times with different individuals • No pair bonds • Example- weasel family • Polygynandry • Combo of polygynous males & polyandrous females

  8. Polygamy • Individual of either sex has more than 1 mate • Includes • Polygyny • Polyandry • Polygynandry

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