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Mating systems II

Mating systems II. Sexual conflict Leks Hotspot Female preference Male aggregations Hotshots Kin selection. Sexual conflict expectations. Environment quality alters relative and absolute ranking of each mating system for each sex. Sexual conflict in marmots.

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Mating systems II

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  1. Mating systems II • Sexual conflict • Leks • Hotspot • Female preference • Male aggregations • Hotshots • Kin selection

  2. Sexual conflict expectations Environment quality alters relative and absolute ranking of each mating system for each sex

  3. Sexual conflict in marmots

  4. Sexual conflicts in dunnock

  5. Females solicit male dunnocks to keep them on territories

  6. Resource addition alters mating system of dunnock

  7. Leks • Swedish for mating arena • No male parental care • No resource on territory • Males aggregate and display at traditional sites • Male mating success is highly skewed

  8. Males defend tiny territories on a lek

  9. Male mating success on leks is skewed

  10. Leks occur when females are not defensible Leks ->

  11. Lekking is often associated with frugivory in birds Lek Exploded lek Territory

  12. New World lekking birds Cock-of-the-rock Manakins Bell birds

  13. Hypotheses for male clustering • Hotspot • males aggregate to maximize female encounter rate • Female preference • females prefer to select mates in aggregations • males aggregate around most attractive male (hotshot) • Expect center male to have highest mating success • Kin selection • Males aggregate around relatives

  14. The hotspot model

  15. Leks of leks suggest hotspots Ochre-bellied flycatcher Red-capped manakin Blue-crowned manakin Hermit hummingbird

  16. Sage grouse leks are at hotspots Lek location Female nest density

  17. Possible reasons for female preference to mate at a lek • Reduce predation • No evidence in sage grouse • Reduce mate searching costs • More efficient comparison of males • But largest gain occurs at small n • Can copy choice of others

  18. Do leks recruit more females/male in kob? No!

  19. Do leks recruit more females/male in ruff? Sometimes!

  20. Are black grouse hotshots? Yearly shift suggests male attractiveness, not position, is important

  21. Related manakins on leks Shorey et al. 2000 Nature 408:352-353 Also in peacock, black grouse, satin bowerbirds, wild turkeys

  22. The lek paradox • If intense selection depletes genetic variation, what will females gain by choosing? • Genetic variation must persist for traits • Condition dependent traits differentially advertise genetic variation for condition, which is likely to be influenced by many genes

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