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CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES. 4 calories/gram of energy functions: needed for body heat synthesis of tissue increase fat utilization provide fiber promote Vit B synthesis. What is a Sugar?. A carbohydrate that is an essential source of energy for all living organisms. Monosaccharides

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CARBOHYDRATES

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  1. CARBOHYDRATES • 4 calories/gram of energy • functions: • needed for body heat • synthesis of tissue • increase fat utilization • provide fiber • promote Vit B synthesis

  2. What is a Sugar? • A carbohydrate that is an essential source of energy for all living organisms. • Monosaccharides • Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, and Ribose • Disaccharides • Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose • Polysaccharides

  3. all carbs are eventually broken down into glucose • body links glucose together to form glycogen which is stored in the liver and muscles

  4. What is a whole grain? • Seed or kernel in its’ natural state • Divided into three parts • Bran • Germ • Endosperm • Examples of foods: • Whole wheat Flour • Brown rice • Oatmeal

  5. Refined Grains • Process grains that remove the bran and the germ of the kernel • Finer texture • Longer shelf life • What nutrients are lost when whole grains are processed into refined grains? • Examples • White Flour • White Bread • White Rice

  6. Refined vs. Whole Grains Agricultural Research Service Nutrient Database for Standard Reference

  7. Physiological Uses of Whole Grains • Bran • Insoluble fiber – adds volume and slows glucose absorption and decreases blood cholesterol. • Aids in Bile excretion • Endosperm • Proteins and carbohydrates • Germ • Unsaturated fats are used for energy along with antioxidants and phytochemicals in the body to reduce

  8. Physiological Uses of Sugars in the Body • Initial breakdown of complex carbohydrates begins in the mouth. • Salivary amylase • Pancreatic enzymes further breakdown complex sugars in the small intestines to make glucose. • Glucose

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